326 BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



parasites. The third outbreak took place in July last, on the 

 farm of Mr. S. P. Swift, Cuba, Alleghany county, N. Y. Nine- 

 teen calves were attacked, eleven of which had died at the time 

 of my visit, and all the cows on the farm coughed and looked 

 badly. The cows with which the malady probably originated, 

 grazed on a partially cleared field, full of stumps and brush, 

 and abounding in springs and marshy places. They were 

 driven home to milk along a road between the fields occupied 

 by the two lots of calves, and could easily interchange courte- 

 sies with them over the fences. Seventeen of the calves kept 

 in one field got water from a deep, enclosed well in the centre 

 of the field, while the remaining two never had water biit 

 only milk. The calves lived, on an average, from nine to 

 fifteen days after they were attacked. Treatment, as recom- 

 mended, thoroughly destroyed the adult worms, as I failed to 

 find one in the bronchial ramifications of a calf examined 

 and which had been but twice fumigated, while in those that 

 died before the treatment I had prescribed had been put in 

 practice an abundance of worms were found. The yearlings 

 on the same farm, kept on a separate field and without any 

 means of communication with the cows or calves, escaped the 

 disease. 



An incident which occurred while one of Mr. Swift's calves 

 was being skinned, throws some doubt on the fatality being 

 due to the worms alone. A cat which licked some of the blood 

 died on the spot, and before the skin was separated from the 

 body; the body of this calf — the only one skinned — is 

 further said to have appeared much infiltrated with black 

 blood, which points to bloody murrain — eharhon — as the imme- 

 diate cause of death in this case at least. A cow, too, had 

 suffered some time previously from an equivocal swelling on 

 the jaw, which burst and discharged an unhealthy sanious 

 liquid. 



This complaint is probably much more frequent in calves in 

 this country than has been yet recognizeiJ, and with our con- 

 stant importations of English long-wooled sheep it will be a 

 marvel if we fail to import their pulmonary parasite. 



In describing the disease it will be convenient to consider 



