1906.] BREEDING ANIMALS ON THE FARM. 17I 



This may be illustrated in the condition of many of the 

 high-grade herds of Poland Chinas in the corn belt at the pres- 

 ent time. Many of these have too little bone, too little stamina 

 and weakened breeding properties. One cross from sires of 

 either the large Yorkshire or Tamworth breeds would lead to 

 wonderful improvement along those lines. The breeders could 

 then fall back again upon Poland China blood if they desired 

 to do so. Such teaching may sound like rank heresy to some, 

 but that it rests on a sound basis, will be found by all who put 

 it to the test. 



The way to improving the average stocks of the country 

 is therefore so plain that any can understand. It is so entirely 

 feasible that all may practice it and it is so inexpensive com- 

 paratively that every one may adopt it. But the thought should 

 ever be present, that in all upgrading the food must be adapted 

 to the needs of the animals, otherwise the improvement sought 

 will be hindered in proportion as such adaptation is lacking. 



Now I do not know whether I have been talking to you, 

 farmers, in regard to anything you wanted to hear or not, or 

 about what will help you. I think I better find out, so I think 

 I better stop right here. I hope I am not through yet, but 

 I want the audience to do the rest. I forgot to say to you right 

 at the beginning, to think about this question, and if there are 

 any of the points in regard to this that are not clear to you, 

 be prepared to ask questions. Let your questions come in like 

 a shower. I do hope that you farmers will have a lot of ques- 

 tions to ask in regard to this important matter. I do not think 

 there is a more important matter relating to your work, or to 

 those who are engaged in the breeding of live stock, than this 

 very thing we are talking about this afternoon. Now let us 

 have your questions. 



Mr. Manchester. I would like to ask the gentleman this : 

 We are breeding cattle and have been using pure bred Jersey 

 sires for the last twenty years. According to the theory you 

 are going on, our stock ought to be greatly improved. It has 

 been improved, but not over three out of five are any improve- 

 ment over the dam. Why is that so? 



Prof. Shaw. You say not over three out of five? 



