EXPERIMENT STATION REPORTS. 107 



ards infested with this insect in the vicinity of South Haven. The re- 

 sults have been published in the reports for 1904 and 1905, but as these 

 had only limited circulation it is deemed best to briefly refer to them 

 here. The best success has been secured with what is known as the 

 sulphur and lime mixture, or the California wash. The use of fifteen 

 pounds of sulphur and twenty-five pounds of lime in fifty gallons of 

 water gave as good results as stronger mixtures and was more effectual 

 than when smaller amounts were employed. A slight reduction could 

 be made in the amount of lime, but it is deemed best to use the above 

 amount as it makes a whiter mixture and thus makes it easier to deter- 

 mine the completeness of the spraying. The best results have been se- 

 cured when the applications have been made during the month of 

 April, although if it is known that the trees are infested in the fall 

 it will be well to spray them as soon as the greater part of the leaves 

 have dropped. As the results depend upon the thoroughness of the 

 spraying, it will always be well to cut away any surplus branches, 

 especially if they have been injured by the scale, and head back those 

 that remain as it will nearly always be found that if any parts of the 

 tree have been only partially sprayed it will be the ends of the spraw- 

 ling branches. 



If large quantities of this mixture are to be prepared it will be best 

 to use a steam boiler, a traction engine answering very well for the 

 purpose. Pipes and lines of hose can carry the steam to a number of 

 barrels, or to a large tank, and a ten-horse power boiler can prepare 

 enough material to keep two power spraying outfits in operation. When 

 small quantities only are needed they can be prepared in large, iron 

 kettles, as it will only be necessary to add twelve or fifteen gallons of 

 water to the amount of sulphur and lime required for fifty gallons, 

 until after it has been boiled. While heat is necessary to dissolve the 

 sulphur it can be secured if necessary from the slaking of the lime. 

 Warm water should be used to start the slaking and the sulphur 

 should be gradually sifted in and mixed with the lime. Add only 

 enough water to make a thick paste and if covered carefully to retain 

 the heat the mixture will be in good condition for use in an hour or 

 two. Ordinarily when steam or fire is used to cook the mixture the 

 actual boiling need not occupy more than forty-five minutes. 



Among the other remedies tested was Con-Sol. This was said to be 

 a concentrated form of the ordinary sulphur and lime mixture and was 

 claimed to be more effectual against the San Jose scale than any mix- 

 ture that could be produced upon the farm. Although it was accom- 

 panied by the strongest testimonials, we were unable to obtain satis- 

 factory results from its use. The tests in other states were no more 

 successful and its manufacture has been abandoned. 



Several remedies composed largely of petroleum in a form soluble in 

 water were also tested. As a winter spray these seem to give better 

 results than Con-Sol, but none of them equal those secured with sul- 

 phur and lime. Thej were also tested as a summer spray, but when 

 diluted so that no injury was done to the foliage, they were only fatal 

 to the crawling larvae and white sets. It sometimes is desirable to 

 spray trees during the summer that are not known to be infested until 

 after the buds have opened in the spring, when it is too late to use the 



