246 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



per day has been two pounds or less. When the roup;hage is largely 

 cornstalks, timothy hay or straw, naturally constipating in character, 

 linseed meal has been fed in preference to cotton seed meal. On the 

 other hand where silage or other succulent food ke7)t the bowels re- 

 laxed, cotton seed meal has usually supplied the protein more cheaply 

 than the linseed. The cows prefer the coarsely ground oil cake, the so- 

 called pea size old process, to the finely ground article. 



No efifect upon the quality of the butter has been noticed from the 

 feeding of linseed meal. 



Cotton seed meal. This byproduct heads the list as far as richness in 

 protein is concerned. Its price is usually somewhat higher than that of 

 linseed meal, but its greater richness in protein allows it to supply that 

 needed ingredient at a less cost per unit than will either linseed or 

 gluten meal. Experience in its use at this station will warrant recom- 

 mendation to dairyman to be fed in amounts not larger than two pounds 

 per day per cow. Tt should not constitute any part of the ration of 

 the cow heavy in calf and its use must be discontinued for at least two 

 months before the birth of the calf. In yjurchasing cotton seed meal, 

 care should be exercised to see that the indigestible hulls have been re- 

 moved. 



Wheat hran. Letters received at the station indicate that in some 

 parts of Alichigan a prejudice exists against roller process wheat bran. 

 Some farmers prefer finely ground bran, others are prejudiced in favor 

 of coarser samples. The 7)roduct of roller mills is not uniform in this 

 respect. In some samples the germ is ground with the bran. In other 

 mills the germ is found either in the flour or as a separate byproduct. 

 To get some light on the relation of the composition of bran to its 

 physical appearance, fourteen samples were analyzed, some of them 

 from roller mills, some from burr stone mills, some from mills of large 

 capacity and other from smaller establishments. The per cent of pro- 

 tein varied from 14.32% in the bran of a roller process mill with an 

 annual output of twelve hundred tons to 10% in a first grade roller 

 process brans from one of the immense mills in Minneay)oIis. Little 

 variation was found in the comymsition of extremely coarse bran and 

 the finer articles. The chemist says on this topic ''The two extremes, 

 the very coarse and the very fine, are of much the same composition, 

 while neither shows the best sample so far as feeding properties are 

 concerned. The medium grades generally show a better analysis than 

 either of the extremes. Theoretically, the bran produced by the roller 

 process should be more valuable than that produced by burr stones, as 

 in one the germ, which is rich in fat, is separated out with the fiour, 

 and in the other this part goes into the bran. The roller process brans 

 are all perceptibly higher in protein than are those of the burr stone 

 process. It is not so much the amount of starch present in the bran, 

 as the amount of protein and fat, that is of consideration to the feeder. 

 The end for which the millers are constantly working in the milling 

 process, the most comj)lete separation of the starch possible and the 

 needs of the consumer of the bran, a food rich in })rotein and fat, are 

 identical. The new milling process, instead of supplying the feeder with 

 an inferior grade of feeding stuffs, furnishes him with one much superior 

 to that supplied by the old process." 



