FORTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT. Ill 



regard for the man who has to open these heads in storage or the sales- 

 room. Try a few yourself if you never have and you will use head- 

 liners for him who comes after if for no other reason. 



HAULING TO MARKET. 



The barrels when filled are not allowed to lie around but are hauled 

 immediately to the car or storage. Failure of winter apples to keep 

 in storage may often be traced to the packing shed where the apples 

 stand in the crates or lie in the barrels for a number of days, perhaps 

 a week or two in warm weather before they are forwarded to storage. 

 Sometimes delays occur at the storage owing to rush and apples re- 

 main sometimes for a week or ten days in cars before they are unload- 

 ed. It behooves the grower not only to watch his own packing house 

 for delays but the Storage Co. also. In one instance I lost $1,000 on 

 five cars of apples that were without refrigeration five weeks owing to 

 the storage warehouse not being completed. I knew nothing about this 

 until two years afterwards. 



Hauling to the station is done on wagons or motor trucks equipped 

 with a rack that permits the barrels being carried laying down but 

 supported at each end of the barrel so that the weight of the barrel 

 does not come upon the bilge. They can be so ricked up that one wagon 

 will carry 55 barrels. A three-ton truck will carry forty barrels of 

 apples and haul forty more on trailer. Such an outfit on one of my 

 orchards makes five trij)s in one day, a distance of four miles. Travers- 

 ing 40 miles and cari-yiug 400 barrels of apples. One and one-half 

 miles of this was over a well-graded dirt road and two and one-half 

 over brick and concrete pavement. A picture of this outfit you will 

 see upon the screen although not loaded to this capacity. In our Clay 

 county, Illinois, orchards we have two 12-25 gasoline tractors that are 

 used in cultivation during the summer and for hauling apples in the 

 fall. These machines easily haul 110 barrels of apples on two wagons 

 and make two trips a distance of five miles from orchard to town. 



LOADING CARS. 



I am surprised at the lack of knowledge of how to properly load 

 barreled apples into cars. Over half the cars going to market are im- 

 properly loaded. The best way is to place all the barrels crosswise 

 of the cars with lower tier to the right side of the car. The second 

 tier to the left of the car with tlie bilge lying in the hollows of the 

 lower tier. The third tier should be at the right side again directly 

 over the lower tier. If a fourth tier is added they should be at the 

 left and directly over the second tier. In this way your apples are 

 loaded to carry with the least injury to the apples. Being uniformly 

 loaded they are easily counted from the top after they are in the car 

 and your loader can verify his wagon load count after the apples are 

 all in and thus prevent mistakes. 



MARKETING. 



There are many methods of disposing of the apple crop in this middle 

 west of ours and not many get the best results in this respect. There 



