FORTY-FIFTH ANNUAL, REPORT. 127 



not attempt 1o ]).'uk a No. 1 barrel of apples. These apples were spray- 

 ed five times and yet there was a failure. There was some period 

 when these Northern Spies shonld have been given an extra spraying, 

 in this particnlar instance, bnt we never had this experience before. 

 Usnally we have to wait a bit on the Spy as against the other apples. 

 I do not know just when this was, bnt the weather was cloudy, ideal 

 for the development of scab and fungus. Next year may be different. 



The situation of fruit-growing for no two years is alike. You prepare 

 for an emergency, and in the place of what you expect, there will be 

 something else that Ave should have prepared for. There are years 

 when three sprayings Avill give the finest kind of fruit, other years that 

 will not do. We always want to be on the safe side as the only safe 

 l)asis of production of fine fruit. 



T give this as a part of my experience — in some orchards we had very 

 clean, nice fruit, in others we had scabby apples, and this year it has 

 been the Spies especially. Usually there are many other varieties more 

 susceptible. This year up to July the apples were very clean. I was 

 lirifling myself mi Avhat n magnificent lot of Spy apides I had. but tlievo 

 came a change. The spraying was done just the same, material the ' 

 same strength and put on in the same way and by the same men as in 

 former years — but we didn't ^et the same results. We did have some 

 good fruit — perhaps the air drainage Avas better — but the spraying was 

 just the same in every instance. 



We can take a lot of pride in trying to produce something fine, but 

 these things will happen in spite of anything Ave can do. It is due 

 more to conditions than to a lack of what we do — we didn't know that 

 those conditions were cominc. but not being prepared for them, or possi- 

 bly not recognizing them when they do come, we fail to get the required 

 results. 



T have been ialking spraying to a number of individuals since com- 

 ing here, and a number of questions have been asked me. T do not 

 knoAv as T can give you anything more — ^what T have said is only gen- 

 eral in its nature. You can best get out of this what will benefit yon 

 most by stating your own experiences, your particular troubles, and 

 we will all together try to give out AA'hat information we can, and then 

 each one can take that AA'hich will be of benefit to him. 



Question: What kind of a nozzle do you use? 



Answer: T use the variable nozzle — there are others that may be 

 just as good — mine is the Hi-Lo Nozzle. We open it wide open and 

 never close it. 



A member: Do you use nicotine combined with the other sprays for 

 the aphis? 



Answer: T use the Black 40 on a block of Greenings where the aphis 

 had been the year before very bad. I don't know whether it did any 

 good or not, as the aphis was not A^ery bad with us. But there is no 

 onestion but what Black 40, a pint to 200 gallons Avill give results. 

 My youngest son did the spraying, and when he returnerl in two weeks 

 he looked like an old man 75 years of age. This is Avorse than lime- 

 sulphur. These little green aphis you can discover with a microscope 

 will be scattered around on a bud before it is opened. You must get 



