128 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



the green aphis right there — if you do not, you will not get it at all. 

 You can combine it with the lime anrt sulphur; it must be a late sin-a.y, 

 just before the blossoms open, and we used a gallon of Black 40 to 1,200 

 gallons of water. I can not tell you for sure whether it will do the 

 business — when we used it, the a})his was not very bad and did not 

 bother us much. In some sections especially, the green aphis is get- 

 ting to be a pretty serious pest to Michigan apples, and it is worth some 

 experimental work, but I am too busy to conduct any experiments. 

 We have institutions in this State to do that for us. I believe those 

 are the people that should do it. 



Question: Did you ever notice any difference in the aphis where you 

 have used the home-cooked with sludge in it? 



Answer: No, I haven't. It would not make any difference for this 

 orchard where I used this Black 40 is where we always cooked the 

 mixture. 



Chairman : Bight here is a good place to answer No. 6. "Has any- 

 one tried carbolic acid for aphis? If so, with what effect? How would 

 the expense compare Avith nicotine?" 



Answer : No, I have never used it. 



Question: Is commercial lime-sulphur, testing 28% Baume, be about 

 what you would use for summer spray? 



Answer: Yes, for apples; 28% is pretty low. 



A Voice: We use one to 30. 



Speaker: We use one gallon solution to 50 gallons of water — we 

 could use it a little stronger. 



Question: How do you control the blotch fungus — ^the sooty fungus? 



Answer: I have never had it. It is not at all like the scab fungus. 



Question : You said you used 1-50 — I would like to get some in- 

 formation as to what they use at the College. I understand that at 

 the College that under experiments they tested out and sprayed for 

 the scab 1-50, and that it proved too strong. I got it from the fellow 

 that did it. I have been laboring under a delusion and have used 1-tO 

 and burned the foliage of my pears. 



Answer: You will sometimes burn it when you used 1-50. Maybe 

 that accounts for your scab. 



Question : Do you have any trouble from russetting of the apple 

 from long-distance spraying? 



Answer: I do believe this; that a very high pressure or ai)plied 

 when the fruit is young and tender, you may get some russetting effect 

 that you would riot get with the fine misty spray. We had some rus- 

 setting from frost last year but not from spraying. We haven't had 

 any trouble with russetting since we quit the use of Bordeaux. 



Question : Tell us a little about that sooty blotch. 



Answer: This is a little blotch that will appear on the apples caused 

 from the dripping down from the foliage of liquid matter, in which is 

 dust and dirt, on to these apples. The skin is not punctured, but it 

 remains on the skin and produces the results that are found. It is 

 not found in a sprayed tree, but in unsprayed orchards. There is no 

 doubt but what climatic conditions have something to do with it as 

 well as the thick foliage. 



