150 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



pie would be the same. We have a whole series of charts which we 

 show where these demonstrations are coudncted, and show the farmer 

 some things that make for inefficiency on a farm. We find that there 

 are 365 different things that affect the farmer's income, a new thing 

 every day. These can be grouped. There are a few major things that 

 go for making efficiency on the farm. Farm business is more like the 

 manufacturers' business than any other line of business, and, by the 

 way, what we want to do is to get the farmer to conduct his business 

 as would a manufacturer. The manufacturer assembles the machinery 

 about the plant so as to get the very highest efficiency from his Avork- 

 men and capital invested, and so it should be in farming operations. 

 In our demonstrations we attempt to show farmers a feAV of tlie funda- 

 mental things that makes for farm efficiency. We group these factors 

 under three heads — the farm must be of reasonable size; the help 

 must be efficiently employed ; then there must be diversity — stock, crops, 

 etc. This diversity of farming gives employment for the labor on the 

 farm, thus giving profitable employment all the year round, or as nearly 

 so as possible; in other words, a distribution of labor as uniformly 

 as possible over the entire season. One particular line of farming may 

 succeed if special conditions are right, but in the long run, it is the 

 universal history of this country that the one-crop man comes to grief. 

 If you were to go to some of the dairy conventions, you might gather tlie 

 idea that dairying was profitable. It is profitable, but dairying by 

 itself, if you are dependent on the average price of dairy products, is 

 not profitable. The dairyman works longer hours than any other 

 class, and has less to show for it. Everywhere we find writers em- 

 phasizing the fact that this is a day of specialties. All right — let us 

 apply it to the farmer; just so long as that farmer has special conditions 

 that give him a special market, he Avill do all right; but when he comes 

 to sell on the open market, with unlimited competition as the farmer 

 always has to do nearly, then he must diversify, and that diversity must 

 be of such a character that it will give profitable employment to all 

 the help as nearly as possible all the year round, and not be unduly 

 busy at any one time. I do not mean that the farmer must have a little 

 of this and a little of that — three or four major sources of income. 

 Prof. Warren of Cornell, who has gone into this perhaps more fully 

 than any other man, after giving the question the fullest investigation 

 by visiting the fruit belts and interviewing the farmers, is thorotighly 

 of the opinion that fruit farmers must diversify — keep some livestock, 

 have some cash crops besides your fruit. He claims that his theory 

 has been demonstrated, thoroughly demonstrated, and proven true. 

 And the further he went in his travels, the more he learned, and he 

 discovered that a fruit farmer can have a diversity the same as any 

 other farmer. 



