EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 233 



just getting ready to emerge, some of them showing the long tail filaments. The 

 males emerge in May, some probably running over into June. The females grow very 

 rapidly attaining full size by the latter part of May. Specimens received on May 24 

 from the same source, showed the females nearly full-grown but still soft and fleshy. 

 By the middle of June most of the eggs had been laid and some had been hatched. 

 By July 15 all or nearly all of the eggs had been hatched. 



After emerging from the egg, the young wander about for a few hours or days, 

 and then select some place, usually on the under side of the leaves near the large 

 veins, where they quietly settle down and grow. Here they remain until the latter 

 part of August, when they migrate back to the twigs, the majority getting back to safe 

 permanent quarters by the end of September, as the leaves are falling. Here they 

 remain, moving about but little for the remainder of their lives. 



During the winter and early spring they are quite small and not protected by the 

 hard, horny shell, so this is the favorable time for spraying. The leaves having 

 fallen, the surface to be sprayed is reduced to the lowest terms and the scales themselves 

 are crowded together as much as ever they will be. 



The males, unlike the females are not fixed in the adult condition to one spot. 

 During May and possibly in early June, these delicate little creatures crawl out from 

 under their waxy shells and meet the females, dying soon afterward. In common with 

 all the Coccidffi, the males are dainty two-winged insects whose second pair of wings 

 is replaced by a pair of elbowed bristles having hooks at their distal extremities. 

 These hooks fasten into corresponding loops in the wings, and the motion of the 

 bristles being transmitted to the wings, flight is aided thereby. In place of the 

 mouth-parts are a second pair of eyes. 



The scale of the male is a delicate waxy affair, pure white and almost trasparent. 

 It is about Ys of an inch long and less than half as wide. About one-fourth of the length 

 of the scale from the caudal end is a transverse ridge, and on the central elevated 

 region is a ridge forming a long oval extending lengthwise of the scale and enclosing 

 less than one-third its width. From each side near the cephalic end of the oval, there 

 extend to the margin of the scale, single ridges. At the caudal end is a deep cleft, the 

 anal cleft, extending nearly to the oval ridge. Unfortunately the writer was unable 

 to study the males themselves at the time when they emerged. 



THE FEMALE. 



On the 24th of May, 1901, the females were, some of them, almost full grown, but 

 all were soft as yet. They were from one-eighth to three-sixteenths of an inch 

 (3-4 y., mm.) in length, and from three thirty- seconds to one-eighth of an inch or a 

 little more (2-3 % mm.) broad by about one-eighth of an inch more or less (1-2 mm.) 

 high, yellowish or brownish marked with black. 



At this time there is a light yellowish longitudinal stripe, which disappears with 

 age, and running transversely or somewhat radially toward the cephalic and caudal 

 extremities are about nine black ill-defined lines which often merge just beside the 

 central yellowish stripe. In the younger scales there is a slightly elevated ridge 

 running longihidinally and coincident with the yellowish stripe. There are also slightly 

 elevated ridges or wrinkles coincident with the black stripes. These wrinkles become 

 more marked on the sides than in the central region. As they become nearly full- 

 grown a fine cottony pruinose deposit is made over the entire scale. Younger scales are 

 entirely naked. Older scales are shiny, covered with a cottony pruinose deposit, (until 

 weathered off) and usually oval. In cases where the scale has room, it may be quite 

 perceptibly extended behind, but when crowded it grows more rounded or oval and 

 strongly elevated. The lower edge sometimes flares slightly but more often the sides 

 are bulged out. The surface is distinctly pitted and irregularly wrinkled on the sides. 

 The anal cleft is deep and the anal scales not prominent though plainly visible. 



When prepared and studied under the microscope, the young female is seen to 

 have a test thin and transparent, with suggestions of thin spots that afterward 

 become quite conspicuous. As the female becomes older, the mesal angles of the 

 posterior lobes become chitinized. This thickening spreads around the entire border and 

 then over the dome. In older specimens the test is yellowish-brown, opaque with 

 numerous small round pores of a thinner nature which appear in the boiled specimens to 

 be thin spots, translucent and nearly piercing the test. These punctulations are more 

 numerous on the sides and are arranged irregularly but still following the lines of 

 segmentation. The test on the dorsum is thinner, in certain cases marked with fine 

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