EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 171 



No. 3. Sulphur solution from A. Bean, Jacksonville, Fla., used at the 

 rate of one pound to ten gallons of water. 



No. 4. Copper carliouate and ammonia. Prepared by mixing three 

 ounces of copper carljonate with one quart of ammonia, and as soon as all 

 action had ceased, diluting to 22 gallons. 



No. 5. Modified eau celeste. Dissolve two pounds of copper sulphate 

 in hot water and in another vessel dissolve 2-| pounds of carbonate of soda. 

 Mix and before using add 1| pints of ammonia, then dilute to 22 gallons. 



All these were applied, except No. 3, which was not received until the 

 first of June. "^^ 



A Little Climax pump manufactured by the Nixon Nozzle and Machine 

 Co., Dayton, Ohio, was used for applying the solutions. With a long hose 

 fastened to a pole ten or twelve feet in length we were able to reach the 

 highest branches with a fine mist-like spray. The pump seems adapted to 

 this kind of work and gave good satisfaction except that the valve in the 

 piston troubled us by sticking whenever air was allowed to enter. The time 

 required for applying the fungicides was about ten minutes per tree, biit 

 this would be greatly lessened were large orchards to be treated, when 

 with a large Nixon or Field pumj^, not over three minutes would be needed 

 for spraying a tree. 



The weather at the time of the first application was pleasant but slightly 

 cloudy. The four following days were warm and sultry. Rain fell on the 

 29th and continued at intervals until June 4. 



Second Applicafion. On the 6th of June the second application was 

 made between one and three P. M. ; at that time no appearance of scab 

 could be detected and no injury from any of the solutions was observable. 

 The afternoon was warm and pleasant, the mercury standing at 80" P. 

 Rain fell during the night, however, and continued lightly for the next two 

 days. _ 



Third Applicafion. The treatment was repeated on the afternoon of the 

 12th, the weather at the time being similar to that of the 6th. The scab 

 has not yet manifested itself on any of the fruits and none of the solutions 

 have an injurious effect. 



Fourth Appliccdio^i. The afternoon of June 25 was taken for making' 

 the fourth application. The weather was warm and the sun hidden by 

 thin clouds. For the last 12 days the temperature had been low, with cold 

 nights and frequent showers. 



The scab has now made its appearance on all of the trees, affecting both 

 leaves and fruit. The amount of scab on the trees sprayed with the cop- 

 per solutions is quite small and is found on the remaining trees in amounts 

 increasing in about the following order: Potassium sulphide (No. 1), 

 sodium hyposulphite (No. 2), sulphur (No. 3) and unsprayed (No. 6). In 

 all cases it appears to be about the same on the duplicate trees. 



A slight injurious effect is now observable from the use of the 

 hyposulphite, as the edges of the leaves appear to be turning brown. The 

 trees sprayed with the copper solutions have their fruits somewhat dis- 

 colored in streaks, where the epidermal cells have been destroyed. This 

 gives them a russety appearance. 



Fifth Application. All the trees were sprayed on the sixth of July 

 between 8 and 10 A. M. The morning was clear with a temperature of 

 78°. At this time and on all future sprayings the soda hyposulphite was 

 reduced to one pound to twelve gallons of water and no further injury was 

 noticed. There is no change in the appearance of the scab. 



