180 



STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



"With a cold and wet spring, five sprayings not over three weeks apart 

 will be desirable. The table below gives in the second column the cost of 

 the fungicide and its application per tree for each spraying as used in our 

 experiments; the next column gives the cost of an average-size tree for 

 five applications, using the reduced formula as recommended. These are 

 retail prices as stated above: 



Fungicide, 



Potassium sulphide.. 



Sodium hyposulphite 



Sulphur solution 



Copper carbonate and ammonia 

 Modified eau celeste 



Cost i)er tree as 



used for 

 one application. 



Cost of five 



applications for 



average trees. 



20 cts. 



12'/2 " 



Unknown. 



25 cts. 

 30 " 



Resume of results and conclusions from them. 



1. The sulphur solution did not have a sufficiently marked effect to make 

 its application profitable. 



2. Sodium hyposulphite. If this is used at the rate of one pound to 

 twelve or fifteen gallons of water it does not injure the foliage, and as its 

 cost is slight its benefit would be sufficient to more than repay the cost. It 

 is easily washed off', however, and the copper mixtures would be found more 

 effective and cheaper in the end. 



3. Potassium sulphide. This gave slightly better results than the hypo- 

 sulphite, but it is more expensive and should be passed over for the same 

 reasons. 



4. Copper carbonate and ammonia. This is one of the easiest of all the 

 mixtures to prepare and its effects are comparatively lasting. It is slightly 

 cheaper than the next but it seems to have rather less effect. It showed 

 itself, however, a valuable remedy, but on account of its slightly injurious 

 effect on the fruit, the formula will be improved by substituting twenty- 

 eight gallons of water for twenty-two. 



5. Modified eau celeste. The best results were obtained with this mixt- 

 ure and, with varieties likely to scab, it will prove a good invest- 

 ment. Thirty or thirty-two gallons of water should be used when the 

 formula calls for twenty-two. By its use a difference in the amount of 

 scabby fruit of from 50 to 75 per cent, can be produced and with such 

 varieties as Fameuse and Northern Spy this will often make all the 

 difference between success and failure. 



The injury to the skins of the apples merely gave them a russet color in 

 streaks, and in no way had an appreciable effect on the size or shape of the 

 fruit; whether it injured the appearance of the fruit might be questioned. 

 By using the reduced formula all danger of injury will be avoided. 



In addition to the experiment recorded above, several trees received one 

 and two applications soon after the fruit set and others were sprayed on 

 the 25th of July and the 1st of August. No effect was appreciable except 

 in the cases where the copper solutions were used on the trees in May and 

 June. 



From the experience of this year, we are convinced that with many 

 varieties, in localities where scab prevails, either of the copper mixtures 

 will add from 25 to 50 per cent, to the value of the crop, at a cost not 



