326 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



few minutes. They take both the sap and the juice from the trees. My remedy for 

 aphis is as follows: Soft soap one quart, or hard soap — preferably whale oil soap^one 

 fourth pound; two quarts hot water; and one pint kerosene. Stir till all are perma 

 nently mixed, then add water till the kerosene mixture forms one tifteenth of the whole 

 compound. Throw it on the trees with a force pump. The eggs, just at hatching, can 

 be killed as readily as anything else. 



In reply to the question as to wlietlier there was not danger of the 

 plaster or liquids being blown into the eyes, Prof. Cook said : 



I have never suffered any injury personally. It is necessary to notice the direction of 

 the wind when at work. We put the plaster on just as the crown of the blossom falls 

 off, or just as soon as you see the little crescent on the plum; then repeat about ten 

 days later, and again ten days after that. If a very heavy rain comes, put on again at 

 the end of a week. 



Bark Louse: This kerosene emulsion will also kill these. The time to apply it is in 

 June. Then there is the cabbage caterpillar. You all know what it is. It is a beauti- 

 ful insect, and I would urge you to encourage your children to study it. Bring your 

 boys to these meetings to listen to these talks. There are several remedies for these. 

 Enquire for buhach, not Dalmatian, insect powder or pyrethrum. Use one ounce to 

 three gallons of water. This is a specific for cabbage caterpillars, cherry and pear 

 slugs, etc. Dash it on the insects with spray bellows or force pump. Another remedy 

 is white hellebore, using one ounce to three gallons of water. This kills currant slug. 

 Apply with force pump. 



Thrips: With these I have had no experience; but Mr. Hanford of Bristol, Ind., 

 wrote me that the thrips were doing him damage. I recommended the kerosene emul- 

 sion and said that if he could succeed in getting it on the insects it would surely kill 

 them. Why can not you get a wide spray, and as you walk along spray them? The 

 gentleman I have alluded to now has an arrangement for applying the emulsion. 



Replying to the question what would you recommend for the peach 

 borer, the Professor said. 



If the insect had already eaten into the tree, the only thing to be done was to cut 

 it out. 



For insects on radish he suggested putting m cold frames and covering with a cloth. 

 He also gave the following remedy as good for preventing borers from working and to 

 kill the bark lice: One pint of crude carbolic acid, one quart soft soap, and two gallons 

 hot water. Thoroughly mix and apply with a cloth to trunk and large branches two 

 weeks after blossoms fall, and again three weeks later. 



In his paper on fungi, Prof. Prentiss referred to a case of black rot in 

 Wayne county, in a large vineyard of Niagara grapes, where the loss was 

 estimated at a ton of friiit per acre. 



Mr. Van Dusen: The use of barnyard manure gave rise to the black rot in this case. 

 I understand eighty cart loads had been placed on the ground. The injury to the new- 

 cane came from the ammonia from the new manure, consequently the new buds were 

 blasted. 



Mr. Dunning said a friend of his reported that a portion of his vineyard of Niagara 

 grapes had suffered from black rot. 



Mr. T. S. Hubbard: It is quite a damage to manure ground heavily for grapes, unless 

 the soil is very poor. A slight application at frequent intervals is better than one heavy 

 dressing. I have no doubt that the unusual application in this instance would bring on 

 black rot when it might not otherwise have occurred. We have experimented with 

 downy mildew, and have found that an application of sulphide of copper is a remedy, 

 but not for black rot. Bagging before the fruit is set is a preventive, but it must be 

 done just when the blossom is falling. Those treated that way with us were perfect, 

 and there was no rot inside the bag. 



THE CANNING INDUSTRY. 



Such was the title of an exceedingly interesting and able paper by Mr. 

 S. G. Curtice of Rochester, N. Y. He said there were $15,000,000 invested 

 in the canning of fruit alone, in western New York, and there was no rea- 



