20 STATE POMOLOG1CAL SOCIETY. 



would be very noticeable at once. He recommended that the State Pomologi- 

 cal Society stimulate exertion in this direction by offering a prize to the locality 

 which would do the most efficient concerted work of this kind. The work 

 should be vouched for in such a way that no mistake would be made in the 

 award, and he had no doubt but the result would be very satisfactory to the 

 society, and each neighborhood competing would receive a great deal of benefit 

 even if the prize was not secured. 



Prof. Cook next said it was quite important that wc understand how nature 

 was helping us in our insect warfare, and explained the work of parasites upon 

 potato beetles, Hessian fly, canker worm, and even upon bark lice. He next 

 reviewed the history of the canker worm in Michigan, illustrating upon the 

 blackboard the difference between male and female, and described the two 

 most approved methods of warfare, to wit: the sticky bands and the use of a 

 poison in solution. He thought the latter method the best for us to employ. 

 He would use London purple in solution, and apply with a force pump. He 

 had used Whitman's fountain pump with good success. 



The question was asked if this plan of fighting insects with liquid poison was 

 successful with other insects also. Prof. Cook said he had employed it very 

 successfully with leaf-rollers, and on the lake shore they had fought rose 

 chafers with it. 



J. S. Woodward of Lockport, N. Y., said that he would use Paris green to 

 destroy the codling moth, as that was the cheapest way, and quite as effective. 



Prof. Cook said that was new to him, but he saw no objection to it. He 

 thought, however, that there would have to be several applications during the 

 season. Mr. Woodward replied that one application was sufficient in all ordi- 

 nary cases, and said that he would apply it when the fruit was just formed. 



The next subject considered was, 



FERTILIZERS FOR THE ORCHARD AND FARM. 



Col. F. M. Holloway opened the subject with a paper as follows : 



I have been requested to prepare a paper on fertilizers, — as stated in our pro- 

 gramme, — what best for the orchard and what best for the farm. 



The question as put implies discrimination in the use of fertilizers as between 

 the orchard and the farm, or in other words what would be good for one, bring- 

 ing the best results, would be hardly an appreciable quantity or quality for 

 the other. In this light we propose to treat this double subject, before this 

 double audience, made up of fruit-growers and crop-producers, and with many 

 combining the two together. 



We will, with your permission, consider the wants of the orchard first. And 

 by it we include the different fruit-bearing trees that are adapted to our soil 

 and climate, and which have been in the past or are now more or less culti- 

 vated. In the early raising of fruit in the State we could hardly introduce the 

 young stock to the soil before it would spring forth with a vigor unprecedented 

 to us who had been cultivators in the eastern States, and before we were pre- 

 pared to look for it our baskets and cellars were filled with the most beautiful, 

 the most luscious fruits, God's best gift to man; and there is no doubt as to 

 many of Michigan's sons being ready in the past to justify our great first 

 ancestors in partaking of the fruit, reasoning a priori that it was the first 

 growth of a new country. 



Change is written in indellible lines over the broad expanse of earth. Ani- 

 mate and inanimate, mineral and vegetable, all pass the ordeal alike ; and the 



