16 ANNUAL EEPORTS OF DEPAETMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



country. Some of the large eastern stockyards became involved, and 

 the disease was disseminated from them. It extended to the following 

 States, besides the District of Columbia: Connecticut, Delaware, 

 Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, 

 Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New 

 York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Virginia, Washington, 

 West Virginia, and Wisconsin. 



On October 28, when the movement of stock from the originally 

 infected center in Michigan had been traced to the Union Stock 

 Yards, an order was prepared, effective October 31, quarantining 

 those yards and permitting animals to be shipped from them only for 

 immediajte" slaughter. Numerous other quarantine orders were issued 

 from time to time, as infection was discovered or as other conditions 

 warranted. They not only prohibited or restricted the movement of 

 certain farm animals, but regulated the mjovement of hay, straw, and 

 other possibly dangerous materials. 



Steps were taken to enlist in the work of eradication the aid of 

 the authorities of the States affected. Satisfactory arrangements 

 rapidly were made, and the work has been prosecuted jointly by the 

 department and the States. The costs incurred have been divided 

 about equally between the Federal and State Governments. 



Methods and progress of eradication. — The methods of eradication 

 were similar to those used in the outbreaks of 1902 and 1908, with 

 such improvements in detail as experience suggested. The veterinary 

 and other forces of the Bureau of Animal Industry in various parts 

 of the country were drawn upon in order, with the least possible 

 delay, to place inspectors where they were needed. It was necessary 

 to trace the movement of live stock from infected premises and 

 regions, to examine railway and stockyard records, to trace and 

 locate cars that had carried infected stock, to clean and disinfect 

 them, to go from farm to farm and examine all susceptible animals, 

 to enforce local and general quarantines of the Federal and State 

 Governments, to slaughter and bury as quickly as possible all dis- 

 eased and exposed animals, and to disinfect the premises that had 

 been occupied by them. To avoid the spread of infection by inspec- 

 tors and other employees these men were required to wear rubber 

 outer clothing, which could be washed easily with disinfectants, and 

 to fumigate and disinfect themselves before leaving premises visited 

 by them. Before slaughter the animals were appraised by an official 



