102 ANNUAL REPORTS OF DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



In Utah, also, cooperation with seven high schools and many grade 

 schools in milk testing and record work is bringing good results. 



RESEARCH LABORATORIES. 



The work of the research laboratories, in charge of INIr. L. A. 

 Rogers, was seriously interrupted by the rearrangement and exten- 

 sion of the laboratories. These improvements, however, now nearly 

 completed, provide exceptional equipment and are expected to obvi- 

 ate the necessity for any important changes or additions for several 

 years. 



The new experimental creamery at Grove City, Pa., has been 

 erected by a corporation at a cost of approximately $30,000 and 

 leased to the department. The laboratories contained in the plant 

 were equipped by the department- and include two chemical labora- 

 tories, a bacteriological laboratory, an experimental butter room with 

 duplicate equipment, a vacuum pan for producing bulk condensed 

 milk, a casein equipment including a vacuum drier and twin tunnel 

 driers, and an experimental sewage disposal plant. 



The laboratories at the experimental farm at Beltsville, Md., now 

 nearly completed, will suffice for the bacteriological work which has 

 to be done at the farm and for the new work on milk secretion. 



BACTEEIOLOGY OF MILK. 



On the question whether pathogenic streptococci survive pasteur- 

 ization there is great difficulty in distinguishing between the patho- 

 genic and nonpathogenic types, but the present results indicate that 

 the former are destroyed by approved pasteurizing temperatures. 



A new method of measuring acid formation has been found to be 

 of distinct advantage in studying the streptococci as well as the so- 

 called alkali bacteria. 



AVork on the colon group of bacteria has demonstrated that this is 

 a heterogeneous group of sharply defined types which may be sepa- 

 rated. 



It has been determined that the bacteria which are generally dis- 

 tributed in the udder are of the streptococcus type, the Staphylococ- 

 cus pyogenes type, and the Bacillus abortus. The last-named organ- 

 ism has been found in the udder of one or more cows in every herd 

 examined, and in some cases it appears to be virulent. 



ICE CBEAM. 



It has been demonstrated that various constituents have marked 

 influence on the flavor of ice cream. It has been proved that bacteri- 

 ological counts can be made well within the usual limits of error. 



CONDENSED MILIC. 



Knowledge of conditions and problems in the condensed-milk in- 

 dustry has been acquired, and facilities are being prepared at Wash- 

 ington and Grove City for the investigation of such problems. 



