78 ANNUAL OF SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERT. 



dcfifrees of temperature which occur in practical mctalhirgy, 

 neither volatilizes nor deconi])oses unless another agent be intro- 

 duced. Other known combinations of chlorine, as chloiide of 

 magnesiiftn, decompose even at the boilin;r-p<>int of water; 

 chloride of sodium becomes vohitile at a comparatively low tem- 

 perature. 



Mr. Winlzor thororore employs chlorine p;as and chloride of 

 caleinni for the removal of i)hosj)horus, in i)roeesses of melting 

 ores and in the treatment of metallurgical products, lie makes 

 use of this gas and the salt in blast furnaces, as well as in the 

 ])rocess of puddling, relining, and re-casting, and in an}- kind of 

 furnace and in all i)rocesses of melting, apphing the gas ilirect 

 or adding the prei)ared salt (chloride of calcium) in any con- 

 venient form; or, employing solutions containing muriatic acid, 

 with till! simultaneous use of lime or calcareous sul)stances, by 

 M'iiieh i»roeess chloride! of caleiiun is formed at tiie moment of its 

 ajiplieation. Through the elfect of chlorine gas and chloride of 

 calcium on i)hospliatic ores and metals, volatile combinations of 

 ])hosphorus are formed, and therein' the phosi)horus is removed. 

 The process is as follows: In smelting an on; of iron or other 

 metal containing phosphorus as an impurity, the oj^erator charges 

 into the smelting-furnace, with the ore, chloride of calcium, in the 

 proportion of from live to twent\'-live parts, b}' weight, for each 

 part of pliosjjhorus found Ijy analysis to be contained in the ore; 

 and, in other resi^ects, the smelting operation, is conducted in the 

 ordinary maimer. The resulting metal will be found much more 

 free from phosphorus than if the ore had been smeltt^d without 

 the addition of chloride of calcium. In place of adding the 

 chloride of calcium direct, lime and muriatic acid may be mixed 

 separately with the ore, or may be otherwise applied in comljina- 

 tion. It is more convenient, however, to emjjloy chloride of 

 calcium ready formed. Or, in place of emplo3ing chloride of 

 calcium, cldoriue gas may Ije used ; the gas may be mixed with 

 air and forced as a blast through the ignited charge in the fur- 

 nace, or the gas itself may ijc blown through the melted metal 

 after it is tapped out of the furnace. The quantity of chlorine 

 thus applied should be from three to fifteen times the weight of 

 the phosphorus contiiined in the ore or metal. Chloride of calcium 

 or chlorine may l)e ajjplied in a similar manner when remelting 

 iron or other metals, when it is desired to sejjarate phosphorus 

 therefrom. Phosphorus can thus be separated from all metals 

 to which a strong red heat can conveniently be applied ; more 

 especially, however, it is applicable to the treatment of iron and 

 copijer. — Mecfianics' Magazine. 



PURIFICATIOX OF IRON FROM PHOSPHORUS AND SULPHUR. 



According to Dr. Adolphe Gurt, of Bonn, Prussia, iron may be 

 purified from phosphorus by means of silica. He asserts that if, 

 in smelting phosphoriferous iron ores, enough silica be included 

 in the furnace-charge to form a highly silicious slag, the phospho- 

 rus contained in the ore will have its condition changed from the 



