214 ANNUAL OF SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY. 



The production of ozone and antozono by the passage of elec- 

 tric sparks, or the silent discharj^e through dry oxygen, is thus 

 represented by the following equation : — 



Free Oxygen. Ozono. Antozone. 



-+ -t -+ -H — +- + 

 00+00 + 00 = 0004-000 



SUMMARY OF CUEMICAL NOVELTIES. 



Transformation of Nitrate of Soda into Nitrate of Potash. — M. 

 Coiidunc has palcntcd the following processes: Ho makes con- 

 centratcil and eipiivalent solutions of nitrate of soda and chloride 

 or sulpliide of bariinn, and mixes tlie solutions. Nitrate of baryta, 

 whirli is liut sparingly soluidc, is i)recipitated. It is well washed, 

 and then lioilcd wilii su][)hatc of lead, whereby nitrate of lead and 

 sulphate of ixiryta are produced. Tiie nitrate of iead is now boiled 

 with sulphate of potash, and so nitrate of potash is formed, and 

 sulphate of lead reproduced. 



Produrtion of Oxalic Arid. — Three French chemists, MM. Laur- 

 ent, Castheler, and Basset, have succeeded in obtaining oxalic 

 acitl from the waste of shoemakers' and saddlers' shops, and oth- 

 ers, where leather is used ; also from woollen rags, horn, hair, etc. 

 For this ))urp()se, these residues are treated with one part of sul- 

 phuric acid and four of water; and the mass thus obtained is sub- 

 jected to the action of one part of nitric acid and three of water, 

 at a temperature of 80° C. From tiie digestion of this, oxalic acid 

 is easily extracted. 



Process for the Condensation of Ammoniacal Gas. — Knab has 

 found that chloride of calcium absorbs its own weight of ammoni- 

 acal gas, which is again (nolved on the application of heat. The 

 chloride will serve an indcnnite time. M. Knab considers that his 

 discovery will be found very useful. 1. Because chloride of cal- 

 cium saturated with ammonia is dry powder, easy of transport. 

 2. Because chloride of calcium is of very little value. 3. While 

 water Avill only hold in solution 20 per cent, of ammonia, the 

 chloride will hold 50 per cent., so that the cost of sending am- 

 monia about ■will be greatly diminished. 



On the Action of Metalloids upon Glass, and on the Presence of 

 Alkaline Sulphates in Glass. — M. Felouzc, finds that, 1, 

 All commercial glass contains sulphates. 2. Glass made from 

 materials not containing sulphates is not colored by carbon, 

 boron, etc. 3. Sulphur and sulphurous minerals impart a yellow 

 color to pure glass. 4. The color i^roduced in glass by metalloids 

 is entirely due to their reducing power. 



Black Color of Tea. — A black color is often communicated to tea 

 by moist brown sugar ; this is produced by the presence of a mi- 

 nute quantitj' of iron in the sugar, which combines with the tannic 

 acid of the tea, forming the very black tannate of iron. This iron 

 is obtained during the manufacture in iron vessels, and is rather 

 wholesome than otherwise. 



Analysis of Hailstones. — The results of Professor Reichardt's 

 analyses of hailstones are published in No. G of the " Chemisches 



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