GEOLOGY. 267 



Kaimeni, that the new island has just made its appearance, which 

 phenomenon has been fully described by the Athens correspond- 

 ent of the " Times." It will probably form a junction with Neo- 

 Kaimeni, which was raised in 1707 and the following years. The 

 best account of the island of Santorin and the surrounding islets 

 is perhaps that contributed by Lieut. Leycester to the twentieth 

 volume of the " Journal of the Royal Geographical Society." 

 Those of our readers who care to know more of this interesting 

 volcanic gi'oup, in which, as Humboldt says, we may trace the 

 perpetual ellbrts of natiu'c to form a volcano in the middle of a 

 crater of elevation, will do well to refer to it. The paper is ac- 

 companied by an Admiralty chart, on which the soundings are 

 laid down. 



The new island was named " Aphroessa" by the Greek com- 

 missioners. It was stated to be one hundred yards long by fifty 

 wide, and to be daily increasing in size. Volcanic eruptions had 

 taken place in two localities, one in the new island, ancl the other 

 in what was called Mineral Creek, which is about two-fiiths of a 

 mile distant, and which had been completely filled up with lava. 

 Considerable concussions were experienced at Patras and other 

 parts of Gi'eece, which were by some attributed to an earthquake, 

 and by others to volcanic explosions ; but, with these exceptions, 

 no earthquake had attended the eruptions or the formation of the 

 island. 



The results of a long letter by INI. Fouque are thus summed 

 up : 1. A fissure in the soil lying 20° N.E. exists in the southern 

 part of Neo-Kaimeni ; Georges, Ajihroessa, and Reka, being the 

 three principal points. At their level there issue from this fissure 

 currents of lava, which diverge from every side towards the south 

 and north ; that is, very nearly at right angles to the direction of 

 the fissure. 2. The dimensions of the three centres of erujJtion 

 become larger every day, much more owing to the development 

 of these currents than to the U2:)heaval of the soil. 3. There has 

 been a considerable upheaval of the floor of the sea between 

 Reka and the southern point of the Paleo-Kaimeni. 4. There has 

 also been vei*y lately a very marked upheaval of that portion 

 of Neo-Kaimeni comprised between Georges and Aphroessa. 5. 

 The sinking of the south extremity of Neo-Kaimeni, which seemed 

 to have come to an end, lias again commenced. 6. Georges, 

 Ajjhroessa, and Reka are completely reunited with Neo-Kaimeni. 



Since the erui>tions at Santorin earthquakes have become much 

 less violent in the surrounding country, and the fears of the in- 

 habitants have been unnecessarily great. A new fissure has been 

 opened l^etween Georges Island and Aphroessa; and lava and tor- 

 rents of st(jam have issued from this vent, as well as much gas. 

 The non-existence of a crater was considered by M. Fouque to be 

 due to the small quantity of ejected matter and the feebleness of 

 the eruption. M. St. Claire Deville has shown that there exists a 

 certain relation between the degree of intensity of a volcano in 

 action and the nature of the volatile elements ejected ; and M. 

 Fouque has been enabled to establish the truth of this law. Tluis, 

 in an eru]Jiion of maximum intensity, the predominant volatile 



