296 ANNUAL OF SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY. 



of the joint should bo exposed for some timi; to the toroporatnre 

 of 212° Fiihri'ulu'it. The instructions of Licliij^ in this particular 

 are hardly safe ; for allhou<;h a temi)erature below that of boiling 

 water may coaj^iihite al'oumi'U and develop the flavors of cooked 

 meat, it may not insure the destruction of dangerous parasites. 

 It is therefore better to have the meat a little overcooked thaa 

 otherwise." — Lotidon Journal of Pharmacy. 



HOUSE-FLESH AS FOOD. 



The experience of the last five years on the continent of Europe 

 proves conclusively that horse-flesh is a wholesome and desirable 

 article of food. Tlie taste for horse-flesh is increasing in Taris. 

 There are at present in the capital seven butcheries for the sale 

 of that commodity, and which dispose of about forty thousand 

 pounds weight i)er wei'k. The annual consumptium may there- 

 fore be ostiinat<'d at one thousand tons, or more tiian ten times 

 the quantity of meat distriljuted to the poor in the twenty bureaux 

 de bienfaisance. So, far horse-flesh has been exempt from the 

 octroi duty, and sells at from five sous to one franc the kilogram, 

 of two pounds. 



Recently a mart for horse-flesh as human food was opened at 

 Orleans. A similar establishment in Paris has now gone on for 

 some time past with increasing success ; and l>y applying the same 

 j)recautionary measures wiiich have succeeded in the metropolis, 

 the use of horse-flesh may be expected to attain popularity as 

 human food in Orleans equal to that which it is alleged to hold in 

 the great capital for culinary science. It is admitted on all hands 

 that all the horses ofl'ered for slaughter as human food are not fit 

 for that puipose, and that the absence of strict supervision in this 

 matter on the part of the authorities might lead to dangerous 

 consequences. It appears that this is well understood both by 

 the hippophagists and the police of Paris. The meat, before ap- 

 pearing ibr sale, has been examined and marked as sound by 

 veterinary experts appointed for the performance of that duty. 

 The Parisian pul:»lic evidently place some faith in the security 

 afl'ordcd by this system of certification, for it is not the very poor 

 only who buy the horse-flesh in Paris, but well-to-do working 

 people, and even latterl}' the middle classes. It is on the score of 

 cheapness that horse-flesh is oftei'cd to tiie Orleans public at forty 

 centimes the kilogram. Beef, mutton, and veal are now sold 

 here at an average price of one hundred and forty centimes the 

 kilogram. Omitting fractional parts, therefore, it may be stated 

 that the price per English pound of horse-flesh is two pence ; and 

 of beef, mutton, and veal, seven pence. 



THE PHENOMENA OF DEGLUTITION. 



Prof. Krishaber, who has been experimenting with the auto- 

 laryngoscope with a view to discover the method by which swal- 

 lowing is eflected, has ari'ived af several conclusions, the most 

 important of which may be tabulated as follows : — 



