3G0 ANNUAL OF SCIEXTIFIC DISCOVKKV. 



rmiiid in the oaves of Fiirfnoz hi'Ionrrt') a raci; siK'ceorlin<i that of 

 the ilolichiii-ephalic men of Enj^is, Mnuliu-Qui^rnon, etc., and pre- 

 cediu!^ tliat of the Celto-Germanic ajre. If tliis be correct, these 

 jteoph' were contemporaneous -oitli the men of Clianvanx, with 

 tlie tro;^lo(lytes in the centre of I" ranee ami tlio Pyrenees, and 

 witli the most ancient dwellers in the lake halntations. Tacitus 

 calls this race the Fenni ; they were the ancestors of the jirescnt 

 l.ai)landers, who in every respect greatly resemble the ancient 

 inhal)itants of the Fnrfooz oaves. Possibly, to escape from some 

 dan^Xcr, this race took refuge in caves, where, owinjj: to i)rivaliou 

 and misery, their .stature may have been shortened, and their 

 fcaliu'es rendered uncouth. Skulls of the Reindeer period, from a 

 Bel;j^ian bone-cave, iiulieate a suj)enor as well as an inferior 

 race of primitive men in Kurope. Prof. Van Beneden has found 

 in caverns crania of two distinct prehistoric races, of the IIcmu- 

 deer i>eriod ; anil one of them, tiie least well preserved, is dis- 

 tinctly brachycephalous and jn'oijnathous, i)Ut with a line cranial 

 development. The cavern is in the carboniferous limestone, thirty 

 or torty meters above the level of the Lessu. A large uumber of 

 liumau remains were found. — Header. 



LAKE DWELLINGS OF SWITZERLAND. 



In !Mr. Lee's translation of Dr. Keller's work on "The Lake 

 Dwellinjjs of Switzerland," are extracts from a work by Professor 

 lleer of Zurich, on th(^ plants found in these dwellings. The 

 latter states that the millets are undouljtedly spring crops ; in fact, 

 all the other kinds of cereals appear to have been the same. Con- 

 seriucntly, the colonists must have prepared and sown their fields 

 in spring, not in autumn ; and the corn was probaljlj'^ housed at 

 the end of summer, and no after-crops secured. Bread was made 

 only of wheat ami millet; the latter, with the addition of some 

 grains of wheat, and, for the sake of flavoring it, of linseed al.so. 

 Barley bread has not yet been found, and it is jn'obable that bar- 

 ley was eaten boiled, or more prol)ably jiarehcd or roasted. The 

 small, six-rowetl barley of the lake dwidlings is the sacred barl(;y 

 of antiquity. The small lake-dwelling wlieat (^Trilicum vidgare 

 antiquonim) is probably the oldest sort ; it is the most prevalent 

 cereal in all the older lake dwellings, and was cultivated down 

 to the Gallo-Roman times. . . 



Some of the weeds of the corn-fields were indigenous, and others 

 had been introduced with the cultivated plants, and been sown 

 ■with them. A fact of great interest is the occurrence of the Cre- 

 tan catchliy (Silene Cretica, L.) in the remains of the lake dwell- 

 ings, as it is not found in Switzerland and Germany ; but, on the 

 contrary, is spread over all the countries of the Mediterranean, 

 and is found in the flax-fields of Greece, Italy, the south of France, 

 and the Pyrenees. The presence of the corn bluebottle (Ceniuwea 

 cyanea) is no less remarkable, for its original home is Sicily. As 

 it had already appeared in the corn-fields of the lake dwellings, 

 it indicates the way by which corn had come into the hands of the 

 colonists. 



