CONTENTS. xi 



and "formal." — No ground for believing that fonnal morality exists in 

 brutes. — Evidence that it does exist in savages. — Facility with which 

 savages may be misunderstood. — Objections as to diversity of customs. — 

 Mr. Hutton's review of Mr. Herbert Spencer. — Anticipatory character of 

 morals. — Sir John Lubbock's explanation. — Summary and conclusion. 



Parje 211 



CHAPTEU X. 



PANGENESIS. 



A *' provisional hypothesis" supplementing " Natural Selection." — State- 

 ment of the hypothesis. —Difficulty as to multitude of gemmules ; as to 

 certain modes of reproduction ; as to formations without the requisite 

 gemmules. — ]\Ir. Lewes and Professor Delpino. — Difficulty as to de- 

 velopmental force of gemmules ; as to their spontaneous fission. — 

 Pangenesis and Vitalism. — Paradoxical reality. — Pangenesis scarcely 

 superior to anterior hypotheses. — Buflfon. — Owen. — Herbert Spencer. 

 — Gemmules as mysterious as "physiological units." — Conclusion. 



Page 237 



CHAPTER XL 



SPECIFIC GENESIS. 



Review of the statements and arguments of preceding chapters. — Cumu- 

 lative argument against predominant action of " Natural Selection." — 

 Whether anything positive as well as negative can be enimciated.— 

 Constancy of laws of nature does not necessarily imply constancy of 

 specific evolution. — Possible exceptional stability of existing epoch. — 

 Probability that an internal cause of change exists. — Innate powers 

 somewhere must be accepted. — Symbolism of molecular action under 

 vibrating impulses. — Professor Owen's statement. — Statement of the 

 author's view — It avoids the difficulties which oppose " Natural 

 Selection" — It harmonizes apparently conflicting conceptions. — Sum- 

 mary and conclusion racje 251 



