66 ELEMENTARY BIOLOGY. [CIIAP. 



on the side wliicli has been dissected, cutting a 

 little to one side of the middle line, thus reducing 

 the whole to a condition of vertical lowntudinal 



O 



section. Examine from within. 



a. The cranial and nasal cavities ; note their limits 

 and mutual relationships. 



/?. The septum nasi ; a median plate of cartilage, 

 separating the two nasal chambers in the middle- 

 line (examine from the front). 



y. The sphenetJunoid. Seen to consist of a pos- 

 terior cranial portion which embraces tlie an- 

 terior third of the brain-case, and an anterior 

 paired portion, which is similarly related to the 

 bases of the olfactory capsules. 



0. The exoccipital and pro-otic. Examine these in 

 relation, as seen from within (cf. § 4 b.). 



(.. The fronto-parietal, nasal, vomer, and para- 

 sphenoid (if in place). Examine, in relation to 

 the chondro-cranium. 



'C,. The rhinal process (cf. § /'. y.); seen to form a 

 support for the pre-maxilla, abutting against its 

 inner face. 



•»/. The foramina for exit of tJic cranial nen'cs — as 

 under. 



i. The olfactory foramina (I. Cranial); a j^erfo ra- 

 tion of the partition between the two portions 

 of the sphenethmoid. 



ii. The optic foramen (IL Cranial); obvious as a 

 perforation of an oval membraneous area of 

 the side wall a short distance behind the 

 sphenethmoid. 



