Attempt to Suhordwnte Protista to Cell-Theory 299 



for looking at the phenomena of life." ^^' 



Sometliing of what has been gained or may be gained in 

 the way of limbering uj) and broadening our minds as to the 

 nature of living beings is illustrated by the work of f^hren- 

 berg examined in a previous section. So rigidly limited, 

 as we saw, was this zoologist's idea of an animal that it 

 seems to have been impossible for him to believe an animal 

 could be organized on a plan essentially different from 

 familiar animals. 



Having regard to the whole range of knowledge of pro- 

 tistan anatomy in our possession, two tilings stand fortli 

 prominently. First, the organisms present a type (if indeed 

 we ought not to say types) of organization fundamentally 

 different from any known among the larger plants and ani- 

 mals ; and second, the observational evidence is to the ef- 

 fect that organization of some sort is present in all Pro- 

 tista. Nor is the phrase "organization of some sort" void 

 of definite meaning. For a living being to have organiza- 

 tion is to' have parts of different kinds whose existence and 

 operations are dependent upon one another, all correspond- 

 ing to the activities of the special being taken as a whole. 

 "Of some sort," used in the most general way possible, that 

 is, as applicable to all organisms whatever, means just so 

 many sorts as there are sorts of plants and animals in all 

 the world. Man's sort of organization is man's total struc- 

 ture, his externo-topographic body members, his gross ana- 

 tomic parts, his histologic parts, and his chemico-biologic 

 elements. Likewise Stylonychia's sort of organization is that 

 protozoan's total structure, macro- and micro-morphologic 

 and chemico-biologic and so on for all living beings. 



And this brings before us one of the great merits of the 

 organismal as contrasted with the cellular mode of viewing 

 living beings. The concept organism being committed to not 

 one sort of organization but only to some sort, is open to 

 whatever particular organization may be discovered in any 



