VIII UXIVERSITIES: ACTUAL AND IDEAL 197 



and when it had grown into a recognised corpora- 

 tion, acquired the name of " Universitas Studii 

 Generalis^" which, mark you, means not a " Useful 

 Knowledge Society,^' but a " Knowledge-of -things- 

 in-general Society." 



And thus the first " University," at any rate on 

 this side of the Alps, came into being. Originally 

 it had but one Faculty, that of Arts. Its aim was 

 to be a centre of knowledge and culture; not to 

 be, in any sense, a technical school. 



The scholars seem to have studied Grammar, 

 Logic, and Ehetoric; Arithmetic and Geometry; 

 Astronomy; Theology; and Music. Thus, their 

 work, however imperfect and faulty, judged by 

 modern lights, it may have been, brought them 

 face to face with all the leading aspects of the 

 many-sided mind of man. For these studies did 

 really contain, at any rate in embryo— sometimes, 

 it may be, in caricature — what we now call 

 Philosophy, Mathematical and Physical Science, 

 and Art. And I doubt if the curriculum of any 

 modern University shows so clear and generous a 

 comprehension of what is meant by culture, as 

 this old Trivium and Quadrivium does. 



The students who had passed through the Uni- 

 versity course, and had proved themselves com- 

 petent to teach, became masters and teachers of 

 their younger brethren. AVhence the distinction 

 of Masters and Eegents on the one hand, and 

 Scholars on the other. 



