354 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICINE xiv 



for his operations, and to the physician for his 

 diagnosis of internal disorders, became obvious, 

 and a connection was established between anatomy 

 and medicine, which has ever become closer and 

 closer. Since the revival of learning, surgery, 

 medical diagnosis, and anatomy have gone hand 

 in hand. Morgagni called his great work, " De 

 sedibus et causis morborum per anatomen inda- 

 gatis," and not only showed the way to search out 

 the localities and the causes of disease by anatomy, 

 but himself travelled wonderfully far upon the 

 road. Bichat, discriminating the grosser constitu- 

 ents of the organs and parts of the body, one from 

 another, pointed out the direction which modern 

 research must take; until, at length, histology, a 

 science of yesterday, as it seems to many of us, has 

 carried the work of Morgagni as far as the micro- 

 scope can take us, and has extended the realm of 

 pathological anatomy to the limits of the invisible 

 world. 



Thanks to the intimate alliance of morphology 

 with medicine, the natural history of disease has, 

 at the present day, attained a high degree of per- 

 fection. Accurate regional anatomy has rendered 

 practicable the exploration of the most hidden 

 parts of the organism, and the determination, dur- 

 ing life, of morbid changes in them; anatomical 

 and histological post-mortem investigations have 

 sup])lied physicians with a clear basis upon which 

 to rest the classification of diseases, and with un- 



