xii Acknowledgments 



The Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) 

 of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers provided overall management, spe- 

 cialized logistic and equipment support, and editorial services through an 

 interagency agreement with NSF and in the spirit of Public Law 91-438, 

 which authorized support of the U.S. IBP. Stephen L. Bowen, Technical 

 Editor, and the CRREL editorial and photographic staffs were respon- 

 sible for preparation of all internal Biome reports. This volume was 

 edited and prepared through the final camera-ready copy stage by Mr. 

 Bowen, assisted by Donna R. Murphy, Editorial Assistant, and Harold 

 Larsen, Scientific Illustrator. Their patience, endurance and invaluable 

 assistance over the years are sincerely acknowledged by the editors and 

 the many Biome participants. Kathleen Salzberg, INSTAAR, provided 

 editorial assistance on the references and prepared the subject index to 

 this book. Sylvia Barkley verified many of the computations. 



A consultant committee conducted regular reviews of the program 

 for the NSF, and its constructive advice over the life of the program is 

 appreciated. Members included Dr. William Mayer, Chairman, Dr. 

 Donald Wohlschlag, Dr. Hugh Raup, Dr. William Cooper and Dr. Fred- 

 erick Sparrow. In 1970 and prior to the formation of this committee, a 

 special field review committee headed by Dr. Philip L. Johnson made 

 recommendations for the direction of the ensuing Biome program; its 

 foresight has been greatly appreciated. The constructive guidance of the 

 NSF staff is also gratefully acknowledged. NSF staff members of the 

 Ecosystem Analysis Program included, over the five-year span. Dr. 

 Philip L. Johnson, Dr. Charles C. Cooper, Dr. John Neuhold, Dr. Wil- 

 liam Hazen, and Dr. Jerry Franklin. Dr. George Llano provided overall 

 NSF program management on behalf of the Division of Polar Programs, 

 and his valuable polar experience contributed significantly to the con- 

 tinuity of the tundra program. 



This volume or its individual chapters were reviewed at several 

 stages by the following reviewers, whose guidance and advice are greatly 

 appreciated: Dr. Francis E. Clark, Dr. Robert S. Hoffmann, Dr. Rich- 

 ard T. Holmes, Dr. Albert W. Johnson, Dr. Philip L. Johnson, Dr. Rob- 

 ert S. Loomis, Dr. Gary A. Maykut, Dr. Samuel J. McNaughton, Dr. 

 Atsuma Ohmura, Dr. William A. Reiners, Dr. Boyd R. Strain and Dr. 

 Martin Witkamp. 



The Biome management and the editors of this book extend a spe- 

 cial note of appreciation to all participants in the program for their un- 

 derstanding and indulgence as the program evolved and during the vari- 

 ous stages in the preparation of this volume. We especially thank those 

 who are listed as contributors for their informal input to individual chap- 

 ters. Dr. Stephen F. MacLean, Jr. provided considerable assistance in 

 the planning and implementation of the many consumer-based projects, 

 in organizing portions of this volume, and in numerous discussions con- 



