xvi Contents 



4: Photosynthesis 102 



L. L. Tieszen, P. C. Miller, and W. C. Oechel 



Introduction, 102 Intrinsic Factors Affecting Carbon 

 Dioxide Exchange, 103 Extrinsic Factors and the Rate 

 of Photosynthesis, 110 Simulation Analysis of Photo- 

 synthesis and Vascular Canopy Interactions, 120 

 Summary, 137 



5: Control of Tundra Plant Allocation Patterns and Growth 140 



F. S. Chapin III, L. L. Tieszen, M. C. Lewis, 

 P. C. Miller, and B. H. McCown 



Introduction, 140 Growth Patterns of Tundra Gramin- 

 oids, 141 Allocation of Carbon Compounds, 148 

 Carbon Cost of Plant Growth, 158 Nutrient Absorp- 

 tion, 165 Nutrient Allocation, 169 Reproductive 

 Allocation and Population Structure, 175 Effect of 

 Grazing on Allocation and Population Structure, 177 

 Variability in Growth and Allocation Patterns, 181 

 Summary, 184 



6: The Vegetation: Pattern and Succession 186 



P. J. Webber, P. C. Miller, F. S. Chapin III, and 

 B. H. McCown 



Introduction, 186 Topographic Variation and Vegeta- 

 tion Patterns in the Coastal Tundra, 187 Growth 

 Forms and Environmental Control, 194 Functional 

 Relationships of Growth Forms and Environmental Gra- 

 dients, 200 Plant Succession and Response to Perturba- 

 tions, 206 Summary, 217 



7: The Soils and Their Nutrients 219 



P. L. Gersper, V. Alexander, S. A. Bark ley, 

 R. J. Barsdate, and P. S. Flint 



Introduction, 219 Soil Physical Properties and Nutri- 

 ents, 220 Inputs and Outflows of Nitrogen and Phos- 

 phorus, 234 Transformation and Transport of Nitrogen 

 and Phosphorus Within the Soil, 245 Summary, 253 



