562 



Index 



vertical distribution, 74-78 

 Birds 

 breeding, 445-447, 450-452 

 carnivorous standing crop, 



464 

 density, 450-452 

 distribution of species, 



444-445 

 energetics, 452-456 

 feeding habits, 447-450, 



453-456 

 habitat use, 448-450, 457 

 incubation, 447-449, 456 

 predation, 452 

 predators, 445-456 

 premigratory movement, 449 

 see also Jaegers, Short-eared 



owls, Snowy owls 

 Brooks Range 

 geographic description, 1 



Calcium 



allocation, 169-171 

 Canopy 



air temperature, 84 



foliage area index, 75-76, 90 



humidity, 84 



influence on environment, 78 



photosynthesis, 120-123, 131 



soil temperatures, 86-87 



structure, 74-78, 100-101, 

 131-134 



wind, 85 

 Carbohydrates 



see TNC 

 Carbon 



allocation, 140 



annual input, 472 



budget, 462, 468-469 



content in ecosystems, 460-461 



content in moss, 463 



fixation, 158, 459, 466-467 



flux, 467 



organic matter, 220-221 



pool size, 458 

 Carbon dioxide 



assimilation, 102 



evolution, 311, 314-316, 325, 

 330 



see also Photosynthesis 

 Carboxylation activity, 106, 108, 



173-174 

 Caribou 



availability of forage, 393 



body size, 399 



breeding, 388 



comparison with lemmings, 399 



density, 388 



digestibility of forage, 390-391 



food intake, 392 



grazing, 386, 389, 402-405 



habitat use, 386 



insect harassment, 386, 389, 

 393 



life history characteristics, 400 



migration, 385-386, 402 



mortality of calves, 388 



numbers, 387 



nutrition, 388, 398-399 



population dynamics, 409 



population energetics model, 

 395-398 



Prudhoe Bay, 385-399 



reproductive rates, 399-401 



rumen function model, 

 394-395 



thermoregulation, 397 

 Carnivores 



avian, 444-445 



invertebrate, 411 

 Cation exchange capacity, 



227-229 

 Chemical analysis 



substrate, 293 

 Chlorophyll, 83 



see also Photosynthesis 

 Chmate, 30-37 



Coastal Plain, 4-5 



