Index 



569 



see also Primary production 



Radiation, 30, 34, 38, 46, 56, 



61, 64, 78-84, 481 

 Radiation balance, 44-49 

 Respiration, 68, 70 



metabolic processes, 159 



microbial, 305, 318, 439 



model of microbial, 310-324 



plant, 467 



rate, 145 



soil, 466 



whole-system, 325-326 

 Rhizomes 



carbon content, 459 

 Roots 



carbon content, 459 



growth, 147-148, 153 



nutrient uptake, 158 



resistance, 129 



root-to-shoot ratio, 155 

 Rotifers 



density, 416 

 Runoff, 53-55, 57, 63, 472 



Sandpipers 



see Birds 

 Short-eared owls 



predators, 364 

 Shrubs 



growth form, 194 

 Snow 



cover, 37-44, 203 



drifts, 38, 41-42 



structures, 39-41 



temperature, 43 



types, 39 



water equivalent, 52, 57 

 Snowmelt 



model, 58-61 



processes, 56-61 



runoff, 472 

 Snowpack 



lemming habitat, 372-373 



Snowy owls 

 density, 363-364 

 food consumption, 368 

 nutrient transport, 408 

 predators, 360-364 

 prey selection, 367 

 Soil 

 acidity, 229 

 aeration, 227 



bacteria, 258, 277, 295-296 

 biological processes, 220 

 bulk density, 222-223, 253, 



288 

 carbon, 220-221, 459 

 cation exchange capacity, 



227-229 

 characteristics, 24 

 conditions of formation, 219 

 denitrification, 243-245 

 description, 21-25 

 distribution, 21-25 

 effect of lemmings, 252 

 freezing, 64, 252 

 fungi, 269, 276-277, 281-284 

 immobilization, 245-249 

 invertebrate distribution, 412, 



418-421 

 major cations, 229-231 

 map, 23 



mineralization, 245-249 

 moisture, 63, 129, 225-227 

 nitrification, 249-250 

 nitrogen, 231-254 

 nitrogen fixation, 234-239 

 nutrients, 253-254 

 orders and suborders, 22 

 organic matter, 21, 90, 



220-222, 232, 245, 253, 



411 

 oxygen, 168 

 phosphorus, 231-254 

 porosity, 223-224 

 respiration, 331 

 temperature, 37, 62-63, 74, 



