570 



Index 



86-87 



texture, 224 



thaw, 25, 57, 87-90 



water potential, 130 



weathering, 252 

 Soil invertebrates 



see Invertebrates 

 Solar radiation 



see Radiation 

 Species diversity 



growth forms, 199-200 



polygons, 208 

 Standing crop, 69-71 



aboveground vascular, 459 



belowground vascular, 463 



graminoids, 140 



meadows, 458 



reduction by lemmings, 379 

 Succession, 206-217 

 Sugars 



see TNC 

 Sulfur 



bacteria, 259 



ordination axes, 190 



Tardigrades, 416 

 Temperature 



air, 4, 32-34, 482 



canopy, 84 



ground, 51 



influence on fungi, 284-285, 



290 

 interannual variability, 35-36, 



65 

 inversion, 38 

 leaf, 85-86 



lemming habitat, 372 

 microbial activity, 298-299 

 microbial energetics, 299-302 

 microbial substrate utilization, 



302-305 

 optimum, 142 

 photosynthesis, 123-126 

 regime, 31 



rhizome growth, 146 



root growth, 148 



snow, 43 



soil, 37, 42, 62-63, 420 



summer, 34 

 Thaw 



equation, 61-62 



season, 36 

 Thaw lake cycle, 15-16, 479 



disturbance by, 210 



succession, 206, 212-214 

 Thermoregulation 



birds, 453 



lemmings, 350 

 Tillers 



Dupontia, 175 

 Tipulidae 



abundance, 416 



consumption by birds, 453-456 



energetics, 433-434 



growth rate, 429-430 



life cycle, 424-428 

 TNC (total nonstructural carbo- 

 hydrate) 



concentration in Dupontia, 

 148-151 



frost tolerance, 151 



graminoids, 184, 353 



growth respiration, 159-161 



nutrients, 155 



storage, 150 



translocation, 161-162 

 Translocation, 173 



carbon, 466 



energy cost, 161 



low temperature, 156 



photosynthate, 152, 465 



root growth, 154 



see also Allocation 

 Transpiration, 79, 94-97 

 Transport 



soil nutrients, 250-252 

 Trophic systems 



detritus-based, 335-336 



