396 



G. O. Batzli et al. 



TABLE 10-8 



Flow Chart for Calculating Energy Requirements of 

 Adult Grazing Caribou (kJ kg'° ''^ day'^) 



Standard Fasting Metabolism 

 (FM) 



+ 

 Energy required for maintaining 

 body function 



Resting Metabolism (RM) 



+ 

 Energy required for food inges- 

 tion and digestion (energy cost 

 of eating and specific dynamic 

 effect) 



Maintenance Energy of Seden- 

 tary Animal (MMr) 



Energy cost of locomotion and 

 grazing activity 



Maintenance Energy of Grazing 

 Animal (MMf), equivalent to 

 Average Daily Metabolic Rate 

 (ADMR) 



+ 

 Energy deposited in production 

 (P) plus the energy cost of each 

 process (tissue growth efficiency, 

 Ec; efficiency of milk synthesis, 

 E„; efficiency of fattening, Ef) 



\ 

 Metabolizable Energy Require- 

 ments (MER) 



Energy loss in urine and fer- 

 mentation gases 



Assimilated Energy Requirement 

 (AER) 



-I- 

 Energy loss in feces (energy 

 digestibility Df) 



Gross Energy Requirement 

 (GER) or Ingestion 



FM, = 444 

 FM^ = 402 



RM = 536 to 608 

 RM = 565 



MM« = 2FM5 = 888 



= 2FM»v = 758 



McEwan (1970), caribou 

 S = summer (1 June-31 Oct) 

 Jf= winter (1 Nov-31 May) 



T. Hammel (unpubl.), 



reindeer 



White and Yousef (1978), 



White et al. (1975), reindeer 



AER = MER/0.82 



Df = 0.57 to 0.63 



GER = AER/D 



= 1608 to 1877 



Kleiber (1961), general 



MMf,5,=2.8FM, 

 MMf.H, =2.2 FM^ 

 ADMR = 884 to 1244 



Ec = 0.80 

 E„ = 0.70 

 Ef = 0.81Q„ + 3.0 

 = 0.50 to 0.70 



MER = ADMR -hPc/Ec 

 -I- P„/E„ + P,/Ef 



See text 



Agricultural Research 

 Council (1965), general 

 Qm = metabolizable energy 

 of diet/gross energy of 

 diet at maintenance 



Blaxter (1962), domestic 

 ruminants 



White et al. (1975), caribou 



