188 ANNUAL OF SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERr. 



once reflected regularly and irregularly; 3. That which falling 

 fri)m the sun on the moon's surface is absorbed, raises the tem- 

 perature of the nioon\'^ surface, and is afterwards radiated as heat of 

 low rcfrangibility. The eiiief result arrived at up to the present 

 moment is, that (the radiating power of tlie moon being taken as 

 equal to lampldack, and the earth's atmosphere supposed not to 

 affect the resuU) a deviation of 90° lor full moon appears to indi- 

 cate an elevation of temperature = . 000° F. The relative amount 

 of solar and hmar radiation was found =89819: 1. 



Heat Rejieded from the MooiCs Surface. — The moon's surface 

 emits as much heat as a cube filled with boiling water, covered 

 with lampblack, having a surface of 6.5 square centimetres, and 

 placed at a distance of 35 metres from the thermo-electric meas- 

 uring apparatus employed by the author in his experiments. 



— M. Bailie, in Compies Rcndiis of Nov. 2, 1869. 



Maximum Point of the Density of Water. — A great many data 

 exist in different text-books as to the precise temperature at 

 which water arrives at the highest density, varying from 38.62i° 

 F. to 39.344° F. (3.68° C. to 4.08° C), the latter being the number 

 indicated by H. Kapp. A new series of researches made by 

 Rossetti has led to very nearly the same result, the numbers be- 

 ing 4.07° C, or 39.326° F., and this temperature should now, as 

 before, be considered the standard for graduation of meas- 

 ures, 



0/7* on Water. — Dr. Carter Moffat has succeeded in fixing on pa- 

 per the beautiful figures which are produced when oils, etc., are al- 

 lowed to fall, drop by drop, on a surface of pure water, and 

 which Professor Tomlinson has shown to be characteristic of each 

 oil. The method is very simple, and is, briefiy, to obtain a pattern 

 on water, note the time, lay on the paper, glazed side downwards, 

 for an instant, take out, draw through a plate of ink, remove, 

 and wash with water. The process is capable of great extension, 

 and will be valuable to pai)er-stainers and others. 



Tlie Temperature of Sea- Water at Great Deptlis. — Several care- 

 fully conducted soundin<js, made near the Faroe Islands, have 

 revealed the fact that udiile the surface-water has an almost in- 

 variable temperature of 52°, the heat at great depths varies ex- 

 ceedingly. At a depth of 500 fathoms the temperature was 32°, 



— a fact which is explained by the supposition of a cold Arctic 

 stream flowing from the north-east, and apparently coming be- 

 tween the fork of the Gulf Stream. Another interesting fact 

 established by these inquiries is, that even at a temperature in 

 the ocean almost that of our freezing-point, there are an abun- 

 dance and variety of animal forms which could not have been 

 predicated. — Med. Times and Gazette. 



The Tides. — Mr. William Ferrel, of Cambridge, at the meeting of 

 the American Association at Salem, gave some results of a discus- 

 sion of Title Operations at the Boston Dry Dock, and also at Brest, in 

 France. The most important new term introduced by Mr. Ferrel 

 di'pends upon friction, and the important modifications conse- 

 quent upon it were very satisfactorily explained. 



Professor Peirce complimented the author very highly upon his J 



