BIOLOGY. 269 



the volitional hypothesis, or that of impulse from within (La- 

 marck), or the selective force exerted by outward circumstances 

 (Darwin), I deem an innate tendency to deviate from parental 

 type, ojDerating through periods of adequate duration, to be the 

 most probable nature, or way of operation, of the secondary law, 

 whereby species have been derived one from the other. . . . 

 According to my derivative hypothesis, a change takes place first 

 in the structure of the animal ; and tliis, when sufficiently ad- 

 vanced, may lead to modifications of habits. As species rise in 

 the scale, the concomitant change of stiiicture can, and does, lead 

 to change of habits. But species owe as little to the accidental 

 concurrence of environing circumstances as Cosmos depends on a 

 fortuitous concourse of atoms. A purposive route of development 

 and change, of correlation and interdependence, manifesting in- 

 telligent will, is as determinable in the succcs. ion of races as in 

 the development and organization of the individual. Generations 

 do not vary accideutiilly, in any and every direction, but in pre- 

 ordained, definite, and correlated courses." 



*' 'Derivation' holds that every species changes, in time, by 

 virtue of inherent tendencicis thereto. * Natural Selection ' holds 

 that no such change can take place without the influence of altered 

 circumstances educing or selecting such change. 



*' ' Derivation ' sees among the efl:ects of the innate tendency to 

 change, irrespective of altered surrounding circumstances, a 

 manifestation of creative power in the variety and beauty of the 

 results ; and, in the ultimate forthcoming of a being susceptible of 

 appreciating such beauty, evidence of the preordaining of such 

 relation of power to the appreciation, 'Natural Selection' ac- 

 knowledges that if ormiment or beauty, in itself, should be a pur- 

 pose in creation, it would be absolutely fatal to it as a hypothesis. 



"'Natural Selection' sees grandeur in the view of life, with 

 its several powers, having been originally breathed by the Crea- 

 tor into a tew fonns, or into one. 'Derivation' sees therein a 

 narrow invocation of a special miracle, and an unworthy limita- 

 tion of creative power, the grandeur of which is manifested daily, 

 hourly, in calling into life many forms, by conversion of physical 

 and chemical into vital modes ot force, under as many diversified 

 conditions of the requisite elements to be so combined. 



" 'Natural Selection' leaves the subsequent origin and succes- 

 sion of species to the fortuitous concurrence of outward conditions. 

 • Derivation 'recognizes a purpose in the defined and preordaineil 

 course, due to innate capacity or power of change, by which 

 homogeneously created protozoa have risen to the higher forms of 

 plants and animals." 



"As to epigenesis, or evolution, -the ' evolutionists' of the last 

 century • contended that the new being pre-existed in a complete 

 state of formation, needing only to be vivified by impregnation in 

 order to commence the series of expansions, or disencasings, cul- 

 minating in the independent individual. The ' epigenesists' held 

 that both the germ antl its subsequent organs were built up of 

 juxtaposed molecules, according to the operation of a develop- 

 mental force, or ' nisus lormativus,' Ilaller maintained tlie prin- 

 23* 



