BIOLOGY. 287 



ervation of architectural monuments or remains of any kind, unless 

 carefully looked after as in modern times. For the same reason, 

 similar remains were scarce in Northern Europe and Asia. Cli- 

 mate was not only the great drawback to their preservation, but 

 if any monuments had existed, some centuries of frost would have 

 completely destroyed them. Secondly, the people who built 

 the American and Canadian mounds, he believed, were the de- 

 scendants of the Tartars who crossed into America by Behring's 

 Straits, and occupied the whole or greater part of the continent. 

 He considered them a different race from those who built the mag- 

 nilicent temples of Central and South America, and they were not 

 builders of stone, unless as met with in some of the mounds. Bat, 

 supposing either race to be builders of stone, had any such monu- 

 ments existed in the colder parts of North America, they would 

 not have held together for any period of time. Although the cli- 

 mate varies somewhat in Canada, being milder in the western 

 part, still no evidence of true aboriginal monuments is to be found. 

 ■J he climates of Egypt and Central America were peculiarly fa- 

 vorable for their preservation, and who could say the builders 

 were not the descendants of the same people ? Of rock sculptures 

 and markings, Canada could boast of few, especially in caverns, 

 but there was no reason why some day they might not be discov- 

 ered, especially in the series of caverns existing between Flam- 

 borough and Georgian Bay, and also in a similar series of caverns 

 which the author conjectured would be some day discovered in 

 rocks of a similar formation in the Island of Anticosti. 



MAN IN THE QUATERNARY PERIOD. 



In the "American Journal of Science" for July, 1869, are 

 quoted some paragraphs by Prof. Paul Broca, on human remains 

 found in the caves of Perigord, which not only furnish satisfactory 

 proofs of the contemporaneity of man and the mammoth, but re- 

 veal curious details of the life and manners of these old cave- 

 dwellers, and give the anatomical characters of the race. The 

 cai'ved objects in one cave correspond with the reindeer period, 

 while the human bones found in another belong rather to the 

 period of the mammoth; '*and though a considerable time must 

 have elapsed between the two periods, yet there is nothing to 

 hinder the belief of the gradual passage from one to the other, 

 without any ethnic revolution, the same race maintaining itself in 

 the same district uninterruptedly ; so that, if the bones from Cro- 

 Magnon are not those of the artists ot,,the reindeer period, they 

 arc, at least, those of the ancestors of that people. 



"The remains of the men of the quaternary period that we 

 have hitherto been able to study belonged, for the most part, to 

 individuals of short stature, with a rather small cranium, and a 

 more or less prognathous face. Hence it has been concluded that 

 the primitive population of Europe belonged to a Negroid race, 

 according to some, and according to others to a Mongoloid race, 

 whose stature did not much exceed that of the modern Laps. 



