TABLE OF CONTENTS 



PART I 



INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL REVIEW 



CHAPTER I 



General Introduction 



CHAPTER n 



Historical Review Concerning the Origin and Development of 

 Ideas and Theories Regarding Movements in Plants and Animals 

 WITH Special Reference to the Qu-estion of Tropisms 



PAGE 



1. Early Investigations and Ideas concerning Movement in Or- 



ganisms S 



2. First Attempts at Mechanical Explanation of Life Phenomena 



— Galen, Harvey, Descartes, BoreUi, Ray 6 



3. Period of VitaHsm 8 



4. Return to Mechanical Explanations — Johannes Miiller, De 



Candolle 8 



5. Evolution and its Effect on the Study of Behavior in Plants 



and Animals — Darwin, Bert, Graber, Romanes, Lubbock, 

 Preyer 9 



6. Introduction of the Term " Tropism " and Development of its 



Apphcation to Different Reactions — De Candolle, Knight, 

 Frank, Hofmeister, Darwin 11 



7. Further Analysis of Reactions in Plants to Light — Sachs, 



Strasburger, Engelmann, Darwin 13 



CHAPTER III 



Historical Review Concerning the Origin and Development of 

 Ideas and Theories Regarding Movements in Plants and Animals 

 with Special Reference to the Question of Tropisms (continued) 



I, The Application of the Underlying Principle of Tropisms in 

 the Study of Animal Behavior as opposed to this Study from 

 the Point of View of Comparative Psychology — Loeb, 



Verworn, Davenport, Radl and Others 23 



V 



