394 



INDEX 



accuracy of orientation, 167; me- 

 chanics of orientation, 168-171, 

 174, 232; orientation compared 

 with that in Euglena and Volvox, 

 169, 171; distribution of sensitive 

 tissue, 172; aggregation of, 243; 

 258; 260; reversal in reactions, 

 271, 280-283, 285; 367. 

 Aristotle, regulation of behavior, 



5; 7- 

 Arkin, orientation in earthworms, 



198; 201; 202. 



Arthropods, 233; 257; 260. 



Asterias forreri, 211; 212. 



Atherina, 359. 



Avena, reactions in spectrum, 318. 



Avicula, 247; 2)2y, 326. 



Avoiding reaction, 17; defined, 45; 

 compared with "Schreckbe- 

 wegung, " 82, no; in Euglena, 

 82-86, 92-106; in Stentor, 113- 

 121; in swarm-spores, 125, 126; 

 137; in Volvox, 142; in Pandorina 

 and Eudorina, 147; in Euden- 

 drium, 161; 233; effect of, on 

 aggregation, 239-243; 246; 257. 



Bacteria, 36; 37; 350; 362. 

 Bacterium photometricum, 16; 17; 



45; aggregation of, 240, 241; 263; 



324; reactions of, in spectrum, 



325- 

 Balanus, nauplii of, 266; change in 



reactions, 285; 337. 

 Bancroft, reaction to electricity in 



Volvox, 145, 146; 231. 

 Baranetzsky, movements of myxo- 



mycetes, 74. 

 Barnacles, reactions to shadows, 



247. 

 Barrows, definition of tropism, 55. 

 Bateson, 249; decoration in crabs, 



357- 

 Bdelloura Candida, 207. 



Bees, adaptation, 237; modification 

 in reactions of , 296, 297; reactions 

 to colors, 352-355; change in 

 reactions, 352-354; 364. 



Bell, 354. 



Bentley, 358. 



Bert, 10; 14; 24; 27; 34; 235; reac- 

 tions of Daphnia in spectrum, 



336, 337; 342; 343- 

 Berthold, 265. 

 Bethe, 354. 

 Bierstadt, 327. 

 Bipalium kewense, 182; reactions 



to light, 207; 270; sensitiveness of, 



288. 

 Birds, flight of, into lighthouse, 228; 



adaptation, 237; color vision in, 



343, 360, 364. 



Bispira voluticornis, 247. 



Blauuw, reactions of plants in spec- 

 trum, 318, 319. 



Blowfly larvae. See Musca larvae. 



Bohn, 17; definition of tropism, 56; 

 211; 214; 221; 243; 244; 264; 

 periodic movements, 286. See 

 Criticism. 



Bonnier, 354. 



Borelli, founder of iatromechanical 

 school, 6; 51. 



Botrydium, 274; 321. 



Bougainvillea superciliaris, medusae 

 of, orientation in light from two 

 sources, 87, 165; orientation, 164, 

 165; description of, 165; 285. 



Brachyura, 214; orientation in zoeae 

 of, 226. 



Branchiomma kollikeri, 247. 



Brassica, 314. 



Brefeld, 318; 319. 



Brightness, distribution in spectrum: 

 normal, 305-308, 361, in color- 

 bhnd individuals, 307; cause of, 

 307; distribution of, in spectrum 

 compared with that of energy, 361. 



