—35— 



rounded lobes. On its top are seen a number of papillae. Underneath each 

 papilla, imbedded in the surface of the receptacle, is an antheridium. These 

 antheridia open by small lobes in the papillae. (Fig. 2.) 



The female receptacle (Fig. 3) has a much longer stalk (1-2 inches), and is 

 nearly hemispherical in form. It is divided nearly to the centre, thus forming 

 eight or ten rays, under each of which is an involucre. These rays are covered 

 with very fine scales. The involucres are oblong and inclose an ovate perianth. 

 The capsule (sporogonium) is of a light brown color, and when fully developed, 

 extends below the involucre. 



In opening it divides into eight short segments, after the manner of some 

 of the orders among the mosses. Beside the spores, the hepatic capsule con- 

 tains other long, slender bodies, called elaters (Fig. 5), whose office is to aid in 



Fig. 5- 



the distribution of the spores. In Marchantia the elater contains two spiral 

 threads running 'its entire length, and so is said to be "bispiral." The sterile 

 fronds of this species often bear gemmae (Fig. 6) in small cup-shaped recep- 

 tacles, borne upon the surface of the thallus. The species is in good condition 

 for collecting in late June or early July. 



Conocephalum conicuni has a thallus several times forked, and varies from 

 yellowish-green to quite a dark shade, but is a brighter green than is Marchantia. 

 The midrib appears narrower, but is quite prominent upon the under side of the 

 thallus. The areolation (Fig. 7, b) is much larger than in Marchantia, is hexago- 

 nal instead of diamond-shaped (Fig. 7, a), and has pores so large that they can be 

 easily seen with the naked eye. The antheridia are imbedded in the surface of the 



Fig. 7, a. Fig. 7, b. Fig. 8. 



thallus instead of a special receptacle. The female receptacle (Fig. 8) is raised 



