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EvERNiA, although belonging to the same family as Usnea and Aledoria, is 

 quite different in its general appearance. The thallus is fruticose, soft, some- 

 what flattened and wrinkled. It is usually covered with soredia, which in some 

 species are very mealy. The color is either light gray, greenish-gray, or lemon. 

 Evernia has a medullary layer which is very cottony and soft. The apothecia 

 are large and flat; in some species they are surrounded by coarse fibrils, in others 

 they are free from them. 



Evernia prunastfi (L. ) Ach. (Plate I\'. b) if found quite generally, varying 

 somewhat in appearance in different localities. It grows on trees. The thallus 

 is pale green, flattened and furrowed. It is usually covered with soredia, which 

 are green, not white as in Aledoria. The branching is angular, pointed or 

 spike-like at the tips. Below, the thallus is channeled. The apothecia are very 

 rare. They are lateral, namely, borne on the flat surface of the thallus. 



Evernia furfiiracea (L. ) Mann. (Fig. 4.) The thallus, while flattened, 

 turns under a little, giving the lower side a trough-like appearance. Branching 

 is more frequent than m. prunastri , and is more pinnate. The thallus, which is 

 a light gray, is slightly rough or coral-like. Below it is black or has black spots 

 on it. The apothecia are small and on the margin of the thallus. They are 

 cup-shape and reddish-brown. 



Evernia fia-furacea var. C/adonia Tuckerm. is much \\Vq furfiiracea, only 

 much smaller and finer, and more brittle. This form is found in the mountains. 



Fig. 4. Evernia furfiiracea x 2 and X4. Fig. 5. Evernia vuipina x i. 



Evernia vuipina (L. ) Ach. (Fig. 5.) Thallus flattened and wrinkled, bright 

 lemon-color. The branches are long with attenuated tips. Apothecia large, 

 reddish-brown, surrounded by spine-like branches. This striking lichen is 

 found on the Pacific coast as far south as Lower California, and back in the 

 mountains. By its color it attracts the notice of tourists, and is collected when 

 the rarer and less conspicuous lichens are passed by. 



Ra.malina, like Evernia, has a flattened thallus. It is fruticose, and in s.ome 

 species pendulous, is often strap-like and sparingly branched. The medullary 

 layer is cottony, but cord-like, so is stronger and more rigid than that of Evernia. 

 The apothecia vary in size, they are flattened or cup-shaped, occuring along the 

 margin or on the flat surface of the thallns. Soredia when present are large and 

 very mealy. 



