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Ramalhia calicaris (L. ) Fr. var. fastigiata Yx. (Plate IV. c. ) Thallus 

 alike on both sides, pale green, rather rigid, cut into parallel strap-like portions 

 with few branches. It grows in tufts from one to two inches long, is usually 

 fertile. The apothecia are large and flattened, a little lighter green than the 

 thallus. 



Ramalina calicaris var. fraxinea Fr. The thallus, which is wide and 

 long-lobed, suggests a bunch of small withered leaves, and is a dull green. The 

 apothecia are small, and are borne on the flat surface of the thallus. 



Ramalina calicaiis var. farinacea Schaer. (Plate IV. d. and Fig. 6), has a 

 fine, much-branched thallus, is a delicate green, covered with white, powdery, 



Fig. 6. Ramalina calicaris var. 

 farinacea \ 2. 



Fig. 7. Ramalina rigida x 2. 



confluent soredia. The apothecia are lateral, but are rare. This species is 

 Usually found on rocks, growing in a mass. 



Ramalina rigida Pers. (Fig. 7.) 

 The thallus is slender, with irregular 

 branches which are fine and stitY. The 

 apothecia are medium in size, and from 

 each extends a long, horn-like branch. 



Ramalifia relicuJala Noehd. (Fig. 

 8. ) In this handsome lichen of the far 

 West, the thallus is elongated and pen- 

 dulous, with many branches, which form 

 a thick mat, hanging for several feet 

 from the trees. The thallus is brownish- 

 green; the longitudinal branches here 

 and there unite and form a beautiful net- 

 work, sometimes coarse, sometimes very fine and delicate. 



Fig. 8. Ramalina reticulata x i. 



