392 DE. A. B. EE^'DLE — SYSTEMATIC 



above the sheath, are generally between 3 and 4 cm. long, and 2 to 4 mm. broad, includ- 

 ing the teeth. The shallow teeth, of which there are 7 to 9 on each side, are less than, 

 or rarely equal to, tlie leaf-wddth. The sheath is entire. The fruit is rather large, 5 to 

 6 mm. long by 2 to 2'5 mm. broad, ellipsoidal, narrowing towards the tip. (PI. XXXIX, 

 figs. 17, 18.) ^ 



N.JluviaNs,Thm\lTl Par. [cd. 2] 510 (1799). 

 ]^\ major ^ var. lavis, DC. FL rran9. [ed. 8] ii. 587 (1805). 



Bistributi ] m e seen specimens from the following localities : — 



Trance — Seine, near Paris [Houstoim 1727, &c.), islands below St. Cloud, and near 

 Charenton ; Somme). 



Bavauia — Speyer; Erlangen. 



Poland — {JFoloszczak, El. Polouica exsicc. no. 481). 



Italy — Venice {Martens). 



Japan — Kiusiu {Maxhn., Iter Secundum) ; Hakone, prov. Sagami. 



(?) China — Bretschnekler, PI. Pekin. no. 892 (a fragment). 



Pruits from neolithic deposits in Scandinavia, figured by G. Andersson (Svensk. 

 Viixtvarld. Hist. 42 t. 34, figs, a and b) may belong to this form. They are however^ 

 rather narrower than usual, being 6 mm. long by 1'7 to 2 mm. broad, and a determina- 

 tion from figure only must be very doubtful. 



/3. The common European form, with internodes sparsely armed and shorter leaves, 

 generally 15 to 20 mm, long, more rarely reaching 25 mm. The marginal teeth, which are 

 larger than in the preceding, are less than or sometimes equal in length to the leaf -wddth. 

 The ellipsoidal or ovoid-ellipsoidal fruit is 4 to 5 mm. long by (generally) 2"5 mm. broad. 

 (PL XXXIX. figs. 19, 20.) 



N. major, var. sjnnulosa, DC. Fl. Fran^. [ed. 3] ii. 587 (1805). 

 N. monosperma, Willd. Sp. PI. iv. 331 (1805). 

 N. muricata, Tliuill. Fl. Par. [ed. 2] 509 (1799). 



I have seen specimens from the following localities : — 



Gbeat Britain — ^Ilickling Broad, jS'orfolk. Emits found by Mr. Clement Eeid in 

 neolithic deposits, Glamorgan, in interglacial deposits at Hitchin, Herts, and in 

 preglacial at Beeston, Norfolk, and Paketield and Corton, Suffolk ; (tigs. 21-23). 



Prance — Seine, at and near Paris ; Loire at Chantenay ; canal near Moret. 



Germany — Strassburg ; Mannheim ; Carlsruhe ; Bavaria ; Bohemia ; Dresden ; Berlin ; 

 Tegel-see ; Libbenz-see ; Hybruck, Upper Silesia. 



Hungary — Poet's Island in the Danube at Pressburg. 



Italy — Near Milan; Pavia; Ceraso (South Italy) (Herb. Martens). 



Switzerland — Near Ziirich. 



India — Paingti ( Wall. List, no. 5182). This is N. spinosa, Buch.-Ham. !, a fine plant 

 with rather long leaves and very spiny internodes. 



China — Kianang {Staunton). 



North America — Onadaga lake, N.Y. {Engelmann). 



Jamaica — {Wullschldger). 



Au STRALixi — Plinders river, a fragment drifted up wdth the tide {F. von Mueller in Herb. 

 Kew.); Murchison river, West Australia (Oldfiehl) (approaching var. angustifolia). 



