EEVISIOX OF THE GENUS XAJAS. 393 



Specimens with pale-coloured Darrowly ovoid fruit, spinous uj)per internodes, and leaves 

 narrower in proportion to tlieir teeth occur from Paris (jV. miiricata, ThuilL ! and 

 iV^ major var. siroiulosa, DC). Drawn-out examples affordinj;^ a transition to var. 

 intermedia, A. Br., in their narrow, proportionately larg-er-toothed leaves and slender fruit 

 and seed, also occur. Such are specimens from Bavaria (Erlangen, in Herb. E<oem.) ; 

 France, in the Senig (South France), near Paris, and Montmorency; also Zealand 

 (Sjaelland), Sasaa, between Appenaes and Gauno (south coast). 



Fruits found by G. Andersson in neolithic deposits in South Sweden and Gothland may 

 belong to this form. I have seen only a figure (Svensk. Vilxtviirld. Hist. 42, t. 34 c). 



Fossil fruits are also reported by C. A. Weber from interglacial deposits in Prussia, 

 Holstein, and Hanover (see Engler, Bot. Jahrb. xviii. Beiblatt 43 (1896), 6, and Nehring, 

 Neues Jahrb. fiir Mineralog. 1895). 



7. A large-fruited form, also of widespread occurrence on the continent of Europe, 

 characterized by larger patent leaf-teeth, 5 to 7 on each margin, and larger fruit, 5 to 

 6-5 or even 7'5 mm. long, 2-5 to 3*5 mm. wide (PL XXXIX. fig. 5). The internodes 

 are more or less spiny, and the leaves generally about 2 cm. long. 



I have seen specimens from the following localities : — 



France — Aries, Gironde. 



Germany — Moselle, near Coblenz ; Tartarcn-See (N.E. Prussia) ; Binowschen-See, 

 Grunewald (near Berlin] ; Posen, in a lake IJ mile N.W. of Lissa ; Borowns-See. 



Switzerland — Xear Ziirich {Jdggi). 



Italy — Lago di Nemi, Monte Albano illartens) : var. multidentata, A. Br. ! ex K. 

 Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. iii. pt. 3, 725 (1894) ; no fruit. 



Cashmere — Dal Lake ; fruit 7 to 7*5 mm. long by 3 mm. broad. 



Turkestan — Khiva [Korolkow S)^ Kraiise) ; a fragment seen in Herb. Kew. 



C\]iiA— [Wright, no. 3718). 



A plant collected near Berlin (Fritsche), with shorter, narrower leaves, and fruit 5 bv 

 2 mm., affords a transition to var. intermedia. 



A very spiny specimen, the internodes bearing many (9 to 15) spines about 2 mm. wide, 

 the large leaves 2-5 to 3*5 cm. long, bearing on each side 5 to 6 large teeth longer than 

 the leaf-widtli, the asymmetrical sheaths with one to several small teeth on the shoulders, 

 occurs from a lake near Kaltern, Tirol. The unripe fruit is 6 mm. long. 



Var. RECURVATA, Dudley, Cayuga Fl. 104 (1886) (in Bull. Cornell Univ. [Science] ii., 



amj)Uata) ; Morong in Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, iii. (1893) no. 2, 59 ; A. Gray, Man. 



Bot. [ed. 6] 566 (1890); A. Britton & Brown, III. Fl. North U.S. i. 80 (1896). 



(PL XXXIX. figs. 9, 26.) 

 Planta internodiis plus minus spinosis, foliorum dentibus laminoe latitudinem ixiquantibus 



vel cxcedentibus ; vaginis cum dentibus 1 vel 2, rarius 3, superne instructis ; f ructu 



minore. 

 Leaves from 1-5 to 2'5 cm. long and about 1 mm. broad, with 3 to 5 to 7 rather laro-e 

 spreading teeth on each side, and generally 3 on the back. Fruit 4 to 5 mm. long by 

 1-5 to 2 mm. broad. 



