EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM, 
Fruir. An achenium, dry, indehiscent, one-seeded, crowned 
with the pappus. 
Flowers collected into a dense head (capitum), upon a common receptacle, sur- 
rounded by an involucre of many bracts (scales). 
Tur Seconpary CHARACTERS. 
Evpatorium. Flowers all tubular. Jnvolucre imbricate, 
oblong. Style much exserted, deeply cleft. Receptacle naked, 
flat. Pappus simple, scabrous. 
Invol bricated 1 le), oblong le long, cloven half way down. 
nvolucre imbrica' coe Se ty) oe Style 2 
Egret pilose, scabrous, or rough papillose. smooth and 
glandular, five-striate. 
Tue Speciric CHaracters. 
EvraTorium PerFouiatum. Leaves connate-perfoliate, pu- 
bescent. Stem rough and hairy, round. Involucre about 
twelve-flowered. 
Leaves connate-perfoliate, oblong-serrate, rugose, downy beneath. Stem villose. 
THE ArtiriciaL CHaracters. 
Cuass Syneenesta. Stamens five, cohering by the tips of 
their anthers. Onper Ponyeamia A®quatis. Herbaceous 
plants. Flowers or florets collected into dense heads (com- 
pound flowers). Corollas monopetalous, of various forms. 
NATURAL HISTORY. 
The Boneser, or, as it is sometimes called, Thoroughwort, 
is a common, well-known plant of low grounds, meadows, the 
banks of streams, and other moist places, growing generally 
in bunches, and abounding in almost all parts of the United 
States. It flowers from the middle of summer to the latter 
end of October, and is always easily distinguished by the 
leaves being pierced by the stem. The root of the plant is 
perennial, horizontal, and crooked, sending up numerous her- 
baceous stems, which are erect, round, rag and hairy, from 
one to three feet high, simple below and _ trichotomously 
ched near the summit, and of a grayish-green color. The 
character of the leaves is peculiar, and serves to distinguish 
the species at the first glance. They may be considered either 
as perforated by the stem, perfoliate, or as consisting each of 
two: leaves united at the base, connate. Considered in the 
atter point of view, they ag posite, and in pairs which 
