cones tems tbt lle 
SERPICULA. HALORAGEJXE. 337 
IH. TRAPA.  Linn.; Lam. il. t. 73; Geertn. fr. 1. t. 26. 
Calyx-tube cohering with the ovary: limb 4-partite. Petals 4. Stamens 4. 
Ovary 2-celled, surmounted by a more or less conspicuous cup-shaped crown 
or appendage: ovules solitary in each cell, pendulous. Stigma capitate. 
Fruit nut-like, indehiscent, hard and almost horny, turbinate, crowned with 
2-4 horns (the hardened lobes of the calyx), 1-celled. Seed solitary, large, 
pendulous. Cotyledons very unequal; one very small, protruded through a 
perforation in the apex of the fruit during germination ; the other very large, 
farinaceous, remaining within the fruit.—Herbaceous floating plants. Roots 
fibrous. Leaves; lowest ones opposite, the others alternate ; lower ones di- 
vided into capillary segments; upper crowded, deltoid, toothed, with the 
petiole swollen in the middle, and rendering the plant buoyant while in 
flower. Flowers axillary. Seeds eatable. 
1043. (1) T. bispinosa (Roxb.:) upper leaves and petioles tomentose be- 
neath: peduncles shorter than the petioles: calyx villous: crown of the 
ovary 8-furrowed, the margins curled: fruit 2-borned; horns opposite, 
strong, straight, conical, very sharp, barbed backwards.—Rozb. Cor. 3. t. 234 ; 
Jt. Ind. 1. p. 428; (ed. Wall.) 1. p. 449; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1845; DC. 
prod. 3. p. 64 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 446 ; Wall. L. n. 6339 ; Wight! cat. n. 1089.— 
T. quadrispinosa, Wall. ! L.n. 6340. b. (not Rowb.)—Rheed. Mal. 11. t. 33. 
ORDER LXVI.—HALORAGE. R. Brown. 
Subord. 1. CERcopEE (Rich.) Calyx with the limb 3—4-partite or 
entire. Petals inserted at the top of the tube of the calyx and alter- 
nate with its segments, or wanting. Stamens inserted with the petals, 
twice as many, or equal to them in number, rarely fewer. Ovarium 
closely cohering with the tube of the calyx, 1-3—4-celled: ovules soli- 
tary, pendulous : styles wanting, or distinct and as many as the cells 
of the ovary: stigmas equal in number to the cells, pappulose or peni- 
cilliform. Fruit dry and indehiscent, membranous or bony, with as 
many cells as stigmas (or fewer from abortion). Seeds solitary, pen- 
dulous. Albumen fleshy, sometimes very thin. Embryo straight in 
the axis of the albumen: radicle superior, long, cotyledons minute.— 
Leaves alternate, opposite, or whorled. Flowers axillary, sessile, 
Sometimes unisexual. 
I. SERPICULA. ZLinn.; Lam. ill. t. 758. 
Flowers monccious.—Marr. Calyx small 4-partite. Petals 4. Stamens 
4or8. Styles 4, sterile, in the centre of the flower.—Fzw. Calyx-tube co- 
hering with the ovary ; limb minute, 4-partite. Petals and stamens wanting. 
Ovary 4-celled. Ovules 4. Styles 4, spreading. terminated each by a large 
Pappulose stigma. Nut brittle, 1-celled, 1-seeded.—Herbaceous creeping 
branched plants. Leaves opposite or alternate, quite entire or toothed. 
Flowers axillary : male pedicellate : female aggregated, almost sessile. 
Although we have described the ovary as 4-celled, we have done so only from ana- 
logy ; from the minuteness of the flowers we have not been able to trace any of the 
Y 
