Ranpta. RUBIACE X. 397 
Occasionally the parts of the flower are in a senary instead of a quinary protection. 
De Candolle makes it an essential character of this genus to have the anthers in- 
cluded, although he retains in it many species, as R. longispina, nutans, floribunda, 
longiflora, fasciculata, rigida, horrida, and sinensis, which do not agree with that de- 
finition. The decidedly 2-celled ovary and berry easily distinguish it from Gardenia, 
but we can scarcely point any one character to separate it from Stylocoryne : De Can- 
dolle attributes to the latter an entire, to the other a divided stigma; but our own 
observations tend to the belief that almost every intermediate state may be observed 
in Randia alone. We are not inclined to place much reliance on the shape of the 
cotyledons and radicle, because these have been observed in only a very few species, 
by far too few to permit botanists to draw a general rule from them. In habit, how- 
ever, the two genera are very different. —We omit R. parvifiora, Lam., or Gardenia 
Soneratii, Spr., as from the anthers being described on longish filaments, it has no 
relation to either genus, and as probably it is not a native of the Peninsula. 
$ 1. Armed with spines : segments of the calyx foliaceous. 
1224. (1) R. dumetorum (Lam. :) spines opposite: leaves oval, somewhat 
obtuse, cuneate at the base, glabrous or when young slightly pubescent : 
flowers solitary, terminal on the young shoots, shortly pedicelled: limb of 
the calyx campanulate, lobes oblong: corolla hirsute on the outside ; tube 
rather longer than the segments of the calyx, furnished on the inside near the 
base with a ring of erect dense hairs: fruit usually globose, rarely oblong, 
crowned with the limb of the calyx.—Lam. ill. t. 156. f. 4; DC. prod. 4. 
p. 885; Wight! cat. n. 1275.—Gardenia dumetorum, Retz, obs. 2. p. 14; 
Roxb. Cor. 2. t. 136 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 762.—G. spinosa, Linn. suppl. p. 164.— 
Posoqueria dumetorum, Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 113 ; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 564.—Ceris- 
cus Malabaricus, Gertn. 1. t. 28.—Puk. t. 98. f. 6. 
Most botanists, in describing this plant, have either copied from old au- 
thors, or have had before them cultivated specimens ; and consequently, as 
may be expected, there is a greater similarity between the characters than is 
warranted by the species in a wild state. The calyx is either quite glabrous 
or slightly hirsute ; the whole limb is permanent (not merely the tubular por- 
tion, as Roxburgh says) unless broken accidentally. The size of the fruit 
varies from that of a small eherry to as large as a walnut. The whole habit 
of the plant is likewise extremely variable, according as it grows 1n a poor or 
rich soil. 
t 1225. (2) R. nutans (DC.:) spines opposite, horizontal : young branches 
long, drooping, pubescent : leaves from cuneiform-oblong to round, glabrous: 
flowers short pedicelled, at the extremity of short leafless or few-leaved axil- 
lary young shoots: calyx with a short rather hairy cylindric tube: corolla 
silky on the outside; tube scarcely longer than the calyx-segments, with a 
dense circle of white hairs internally near the base: fruit globose, crowned 
with the whole limb of the calyx.—DC. prod. 4. p. 386.—Posoqueria nutans, 
mU fl. Ind. 1. p. 714; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 565.—Gardenia nutans, Rowb. hort. 
engh. p. 15 ; Spr. syst. suppl. p. 94. à : 
ozing ar at pvo env locality for this either in the Flora Indica, or 
Hortus Benghalensis ; the presumption therefore is, that the species is merely 
taken up from some cultivated plant in the Caleutta Bot. Garden. We do 
not see how it differs in the slightest degree from some states of the pre- 
ceding. Roxburgh says that the calyx tube and lobes are all permanent, and 
consequently that the fruit is crowned with the whole or entire calyx; De 
Candolle has therefore surely misapprehended the meaning of the passage 
when he says ** bacca calycis tubo tum integro coronata. 
t1226. (3) R. Rottleri (W. & A.:) shrubby, with short slender spines: 
leaves elliptic, acute at both ends: flowers sessile, solitary, terminal: seg- 
ments of the calyx obtuse, and its tube glabrous.—Gardenia stipularis, Rotti. 
and Wilid. in act. am. nat. cur. Berol: 4. 1803: p. 182 ; DC. prod. 4. p. 383. 
Apparently very closely allied to the preceding in the structure of the ca- 
lyx, but differing by the leaves acute at both ends. 
