442 RUBIACE.E. Rusia. 
forming a verticil with the 1-3 leaf-shaped stipules on each side, (com- 
monly also called leaves, but without axillary buds). 
XXXIV. RUBIA. Tourn.; Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 60; Gertn. fr. 3. t. 195. 
Calyx-tube ovate-globose; limb scacely any. Corolla 4-5-partite, rotate. 
Stamens 4—5, short. Styles 2, short. Fruit baccate, didymous, somewhat 
globose, fleshy and juiey.—Herbaceous or suffrutescent plants. Stems dif- 
fuse, much branched, 4-angled. Leaves 2, opposite, with 2 or rarely 3—4 in- 
termediate stipulęs similar to the leaves, forming a 4-8-leaved verticil. 
Flowers small, greenish or yellowish white. Berries black, red, or white. 
1358. (1) R. cordifolia (Linn.:) herbaceous: stem rough with prickles on 
the angles, rarely smooth: leaves in fours, long-petioled, oblong or ovate, 
acute or acuminated, more or less cordate, or the upper ones only rounded 
at the base, 3-7-nerved ; the margins, middle nerve, and triquetrous petioles 
rough with minute prickles: panicles in the upper axils, peduncled, trichoto- 
mous, roundish: bracteas small, opposite, not forming an involucre : flowers 
usually 5- (sometimes 4-) cleft.—Linn. mant. p. 197 ; DC. prod. 4. p. 588; 
Spr. syst. 1. p. 997 ; Wall.! L.n.6209; Wight! cat. n. 1370.—R. Munjista, 
Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 874; (ed. Wall.) 1. p. 883; in E. I. C. mus. tab. ; DC. 
l. c. —R. Munjith, Desv. journ. bot. 1814, 2. p. 207.—R. Javana, DC.? l. c.—R. 
secunda, Moon, cat. Ceyl. pl. p. 10.——Dindygul. Neelgherries. i 
Found throughout most of the mountainous parts of Middle and Eastern 
Asia, from the Equator to Lat. 51? N., exhibiting very little variation in its 
general aspect. Some of our specimens have the leaves glabrous, although 
at the same time scabrous, on both sides except on the nerves: others have 
the under side very pubescent between the nerves, but these are extreme 
states: in a prina from Ceylon, the stem appears to be almost quite desti- 
un prickles. The berries are, we believe, usually red, although sometimes 
XXXV. GALIUM. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 60; Gaertn. fr. 1. t. 24. 
Calyx-tube ovate-globose or oblong, with scarcely any limb. Corolla 4- 
(very rarely 3-) partite, rotate. Stamens short. Styles 2, short. Fruit 
dida ous, roundish, rarely oblong, dry, composed of 2 indehiscent 1-seeded 
so PARERE branched plants. Leaves with the stipules forming 
a vertici. 
1359. (1) G. asperifolium (Wall.:) perennial: stem much branched, 4- 
sided ; branches flaccid, 4-sided ; dran ones with copious soft recurved 
hair, older ones more glabrous: leaves in sixes, linear-oblong, somewhat cu- 
neate at the base, with a sharp mucronate or bristle-shaped point, reflexed ; 
upper side scabrous, recurved margins and midrib underneath with rigid re- 
curved hairs : peduncles axillary, divaricately branched, many-flowered, ar- 
ranged ina somewhat leafy panicle: divisions of the corolla lanceolate wi 
a hair-like point: fruit glabrous, minutely granulated.— Wall. in Roxb. fl. Ind. 
(ed. Wall.) 1. p. 381; DC. prod. 4. p. 598; Spr. syst. 1. p. 388 ; Wight! cat. 
n. 1371.—G. aparine, Wall.! L. n. 6213, a (partly).—G. parviflorum, Don, 
prod. fl. Nep. p. 133. Dindygul hills. 
It will be observed, from comparing the character we have drawn u with 
that given by Wallich and De Candolle, that there is scarcely any difference 
between them: Wallich indeed: says that the flowers are large, while in our 
plant they are small, according with the name given by Mr Don. None of 
these botanists take notice of the minutely granulated fruit ; it is however 
