328 KICrdRT ON FISHES. PART II: SISORIDAt; AND CYI'KIN IDAK 



in coiiiiectuMi with their feechiit; habits. Thus the iitihty of a structure plaNs an important ])art 

 from the he,u;inning of its evolution to its ultimate fate. 



The mechanism of adhesion of the highly specialized menihers of (ilyptothora.v is similar to 

 that of the Glyptosternoid fishes. The ridges and grooves on the lips and the outer rays of the 

 paired fins are used for adhesion which is greatly facilitated by the inner rays of the pectoral fins 

 which, by their vigorous movements, shoot out any water that may enter below the fish when 

 adhering (Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, P., CC.WIII, p. 258, 1930). Sunder I.al IIora.\ 



Genus Clypto.'ftcrniiiii McClelland (1842) 

 Glypfostcnniin rcticulafuiii McClelland 



1842. Glyptostcrnum rcticidatum, McClelland, Calcutta Joiirn. Nat. Hist., II, p. 584. 



1860. Glyptostcrnum rcticulatxwi, Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, XXIX, p. 153. 



1876. Exostoma Stoliczkac, Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 7S2. 



1877. Exostoma Stolicskae, Day, Fish. India, p. 502, pi. cxvii, fig. 3. 



1878. Exostoma stoUc::kac, Day, Sci. Res. 2nd Yarkand Miss., Ichthyology, p. 1, \i\. i, figs. 1. 



1889. Exostoma Oschanini, Herzenstein, Mel. Biol., XIII, p. 69. 



1890. Exostoma Oschanini, Herzenstein, Bull. Acad. St. Pelersh., XXX III, p. 120. 

 1905. Exostoma stoliczkac. Berg, Ryhy Turkestan, p. 211, fig. 31. 



1905. Parcxosioma stoliczkac, Regan, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), XV, p. 183. 

 1907. Exostoma gracilc, Grazianov, Trudy Otdela Icluhyologic, IV, p. 58. 



1907. Exostoma labrax, Grazianov, ibid., p. 59. 



1908. Exostoma stoliczkac. Berg, Ezhegodnik Zoologischeskago Muxcya Akadcniii N auk, WW, 

 p. 450. 



1916. Parcxostoma stoliczkac. Berg, Poiss. des Eaux Douces de Russic, \). 371, figs. 280, 290. 



1923. Glyptostcrnum stoliczkac, Hora, Rcc. Ind. Mus., XXV, p. 37. 



1925. Parcxostoma stoliczkac, Norman, Am. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9), XV, p. 572. 



1932. Glyptostcrnum rcticulatum, Hora, Ami. Mag. Nat. Hist. (10), X, p. 179, fig. 



1932. Glyptostcrnum rcticulatum, Hora, Current Sci., I, p. 130. 



1933. Glyptostcrnum rcticulatum, Hora, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, XXXVI, p. 697. 



1933. Glvptostcrnum rcticulatum, Berg, Poiss. dcs Eaux Douces de I'U. R. S. S. (3r<l ed.), jH. 2, 

 p. "S97, figs. 549-551. 



1934. Glyptostcrnum rcticulatum. Hora, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, XXX\'II. \\ 

 1934. Glyptostcrnum rcticulatum, Hora, Rcc Ind. Mus., XXXV, pp. 287-292. 



From the above list of synonymy it is clear that the true identity and the systematic 

 position of Glyptostcrnum rcticulatum have long l:)een obscure, while the wide range of varia- 

 tion that it exhibits in regard to relative proportions of the principal parts of the body has 

 led to its being described under several names from different areas of its extensive range. 

 Recently, Hora (op. cit., 1932, 1933, 1934) has succeeded in rediscovering this interesting 

 species and made its position abundantly clear; he also pul)lished a detailed study of the 

 species both frnm systematic and biological jjoints of view. 



The Yale North India Expedition collected 4 specimens of the species in May-June, 

 1932, from the following localities: 



A small rapid stream near Kalatse : Ladak (Sta. L 10), ai., 9,700 ft. .3 (10o-128mni. : 1 ,i and 2 9 2 ) 

 Leh: Ladak (Sta. L13), 11,500 ft 1 (130mm.; 9) 



