cu 



FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS 



forms, that can resist, or are tolerated by the ants, is entirely exterminated. This native 

 fauna, especially of beetles, appears as if by magic, the moment the limit of range 

 of Pheidole is reached. In some places on the coast there are localities so dry and hot 

 that Pheidole cannot occupy them permanently, and here a remnant of a lowland 

 endemic fauna persists, unsuitable as are the conditions for insects in general. Of the 

 native insects that are attacked by Pheidole, the Aculeate Hymenoptera are the least 

 injured. Even in the case of large Crabronids and wasps of the genus Odynerus it is 

 common enough to find specimens with one or more workers of Pheidole, or with 

 the great head of the soldier-form attached to their legs or antennae, and we have 

 noticed instances where these strong insects have been entirely overcome by their 

 assailants. 



DoLiCHODERiDAE. — Represented only by the introduced American form of Tapinoma 

 7nelanocephahmi. This small ant flourishes best in dry hot localities on the lowlands or 

 lower mountain slopes. It is very common. 



FoRMiciDAE. — The three species of Prenolepis and one Camponotus, that represent 

 this family, are no doubt introductions and of no interest. The latter is to a large extent 

 domestic, breeding in incredible numbers in the walls of the wooden houses in Honolulu. 

 In some of these (even in houses only a few years old) this Camponotus (C maculatus) 

 is an intolerable nuisance. Swarming takes place on dark still nights, when all forms 

 of the ants issue from their nests, covering the floors, walls and tables and even entering 

 the beds. Though partial to houses, C. maculatus thrives well enough in the open, but 

 only on the lowlands, or at low elevations in the mountains. Prenolepis sharpii was 

 imported in a box of plants from Hong Kong, the earth, in which the plants were sent, 

 containing a great nest of this species, including hundreds of winged males and females. 

 It quickly became naturalized. 



Ceraphronidae. — There are no endemic species in this family, but three species of 

 Ceraphron, two of which have been described, are known to occur. All are found 

 in Honolulu itself, and will no doubt become general in distribution. Ceraphron 

 abnormis appeared in 1903 and subsequently became abundant. It is a North American 

 species and has been swept from grass in California. Swezey has made known its 

 habits, it being a hyperparasite of leaf-hoppers, through the Dryinidae, Echthrodelphax 

 and Haplogonatopus. 



ScELiONiDAE. — There are several species of the ubiquitous genus Telenotnus, some 

 being no doubt introductions, e.g. two that have been bred from the eggs of the foreign 

 bug, Rhopalus hyalinus. Others, however, have occurred in the forest region and their 

 habits are uncertain. One rather remarkable species is found numerously on Hawaii 



