civ FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS 



the males with their proper females, and until this can be done the former are better left 

 undescribed. 



Two species of Diapria are of comparatively recent introduction, found in gardens 

 in Honolulu, and becoming more widely distributed. One of these is a common 

 parasite of an imported species of Drosophila. 



FiGiTiDAE. — The parasitic Cynipoids are represented only by members of the sub- 

 family Eucoilinae, and, adopting the views of Kieffer as to their definition, by only two 

 genera. Ashmead, however, recognized six genera in the nine endemic species, that 

 he described. I have increased these to twenty-three, without describing males. The 

 latter cannot without special observations be referred to the other sex. All these 

 Hawaiian forms appear to be related to one another, in the genera, in which they are 

 placed, viz. in Cothonaspis and Eiuoila. Even the distinctions between these genera 

 seem to be broken down to some extent by some of the Hawaiian species. Some 

 species in both genera have been bred, and they are parasitic on the larvae of small 

 flies of the genus Drosophila. Some, like Pj'octotrypcs, are found at the base of leaves 

 of Astelia, where decaying vegetable matter collects and small flies breed. Some 

 frequent bushes or small trees such as Myoporum, flying round the foliage, and it is 

 possible that they will be found to parasitize small Diptera, the larvae of which feed in 

 fruits and berries of various native trees. In general, these parasites prefer damp shady 

 places in the forest, where is a dense undergrowth of fern. When largely collected, 

 I anticipate that great difficulty will be found in distinguishing the island species, which 

 may be very numerous. In addition to the endemic species, a single Etuoilidea is 

 found on the lowlands in Honolulu, and elsewhere. It is parasitic on small leaf-mining 

 flies of the genus Agromyza and certainly introduced. 



Mymakidae. — Apart from introduced species of Alaptus, Anagnis and Leimacis, 

 of no interest in our fauna, the genus Polynenia alone represents the Mymaridae. 

 There are, doubtless, many species, fifteen having been already recognized. So far as 

 is known these Hawaiian Polynema parasitize the eggs of Hemiptera only, both the 

 Heteroptera [Reduviohis] and the Homoptera i^Nesophrosyne, several species, in the 

 Tetigoniidae, and Nesodryas and Nesosydne in the Asiracidae). It is probable, however, 

 that they have other hosts, since we have bred a large species from branches of trees, 

 killed by the borings of one of the endemic Tortricid caterpillars of the genus Archips. 

 Eggs of the Hemiptera above specified would not be very likely to occur in such a 

 situation. 



Chalcididae. — Four species only of this family occur and one of these. Chalets 

 obscurata, has been imported for economic reasons. It is now one of the most abundant 

 insects in our islands, and serves to conceal the presence of C. polynesialis, which still 



