cviii FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS 



The species of Oniphale is (if indeed there be only one) remarkable for its extreme 

 variability in size, colour and sculpture. It attacks various leaf-mining caterpillars, 

 those of Gracilaria being commonly parasitized on the lowlands, and those of Philo- 

 doria in the mountains. It is, however, known to attack species other than leaf-miners, 

 e.g. various microlepidoptera, whose larvae live in fruits, etc. 



Trichogrammidae. — It is doubtful whether there are any species of this family 

 endemic, and highly improbable that any of those hitherto discovered are other than 

 introduced. IVesizuoodel/a hilaris is found on foreign grasses in gardens in Honolulu 

 and itself is clearly foreign. Of Pentarthron (which appears to be a synonym of 

 Trichogrammd) several species occur. P. flavum is a parasite of lepidopterous eggs 

 and is often seen running on foliage, as also is P. seniifumatum. P.flavutn may be 

 no more than the widely distributed Trichogramnia pretiosa, which attacks many kinds 

 of insect eggs. The eggs of Ano^nalochrysa are parasitized by the same genus, 

 possibly by the same T. pretiosa (or P.flavmn) or by a variety of this. Eggs of the 

 introduced Locustid, Elimaea appendiadata, are attacked by another species, apparently 

 undescribed, many individuals of the parasites emerging from a single egg of the 

 cricket. 



EvANiiDAE. — One of the two species of Evania, both of which are very common 

 insects on the lowlands and lower mountain slopes, is of wide distribution outside 

 the islands, being carried in ships ; the other is only known at present from the 

 islands, but is certainly foreign, and will be found elsewhere. It is, like the 

 common E. appendigaster, a parasite of foreign cockroaches, not of the one endemic 

 Phyllodromia. Both these Evania are attacked by the hyperparasitic Tetrasticlms 

 hagenoivii. 



IcHNEUMONiDAE. — Ichneumoninae are entirely wanting, except for a species of 

 Ichneumon, introduced for economic reasons by Koebele, and the Cryptinae have three 

 species of Hemiteles, as recognized by Ashmead, but all the Hawaiian specimens of 

 the genus that I have seen belong to one variable species, presumably He>nite/cs 

 tenelius, a common parasite of Chrysopa, introduced from N. America. The Pimplinae 

 are more interesting, for we find here an endemic genus, Glyptogastra, with two 

 described species. The habits are not certainly known, but we have found one species 

 flying about twigs bored by caterpillars of a large species of Archips, the pupae of 

 which it may parasitize. Echthromorpha maculipennis is remarkable for its great 

 variability in details of colouration, size and otherwise. It is doubtful whether all the 

 Hawaiian specimens are not referable to one, though extreme variations might be 

 described as forming several distinct species. This parasite is almost ubiquitous, being- 

 found in gardens in Honolulu and throughout the mountains, and in cultivated places 



