ex FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS 



together in numbers, when at rest. We have seen dozens of examples of a species 

 resting beneath one or two adjoining leaves of a large-leafed tree, so thickly indeed as 

 to hide the surface. At other times they form great flocks in dead hanging fern fronds. 

 These assemblies are sometimes all of the male sex, but sometimes mixed. Sometimes 

 too the species are mixed in these assemblies. So far as we know only Enicospilus 

 and Pkiironetirophion congregate in this way, the others being more solitary. Individuals 

 of many of the species are very numerous. Even within a mile from Honolulu, on the 

 fore hills, we have seen hundreds of examples of Enicospihis inolokaiensis (? Ophion 

 /meatus Cam.) flying about together in the sunshine, in an area of a few square yards. 

 Geometers, Pyralids and Noctuids have all been found parasitized by Enicospihis, 

 but though many members of the large genus Scotoiytlira (Geometridae) have been 

 bred, they have very rarely been found to be attacked. Consequently I suspect that 

 the caterpillars of the genus Agrotis, when occurring in localities, where the parasites 

 are common, will be found more subject to their attack. The smaller Athyreodon 

 attacks Pyraustid caterpillars of the genus Phlyctaenia. 



Limnerium blackburni is one of the commonest Hawaiian insects, of universal 

 distribution in the islands, and exhibiting slight variation in superficial characters. It 

 attacks so many of the Pyralidina that it is useless to specify particular species para- 

 sitized, but Omiodes and Phlyctaenia are favourite hosts. We have known Phlyctaenia 

 stellata, for instance, to suffer from its parasitism to such an extent that about 90 per 

 cent of the caterpillars were destroyed. It also attacks Scoparia as well as Tortricina 

 and Tineina, and parasitizes foreign as well as endemic caterpillars, being notably 

 polyphagous. Pristomerus, I think, has but one variable species, not two, as described 

 by me. My original specimens coming from different islands and differing greatly in 

 superficial appearance were not recognized as belonging to one species. It parasitizes 

 the caterpillars of various Pyralidina, while Lathrostizus is often parasitic on some 

 domestic caterpillars, probably Phycitidae. The small Anomalines of the genus 

 Atronietus are met with much more sparingly than the Ophionines. They are found 

 only in the forests, flying over ferns, or round bushes, especially Myrsine, Pelea, etc. 

 They have been bred from the larvae of endemic Tineina or Tortricina feeding in 

 shoots of native trees. 



Alysiidae. — Aphaereta muscae is an introduction from N. America, and a common 

 parasite of various foreign flies, the larvae of which live in cow dung. Aspilota has 

 been bred from similar Dipterous insects and is also probably foreign. There are no 

 certainly endemic Alysiids known. 



Braconidae. — The Aphidiinae are represented by a single introduced species, 

 which destroys the cabbage Aphis, the Euphorinae by ' Centistes' aniericana, a common 

 parasite of the imported ladybirds Neda abdominalis and Coelophora inaequalis. The 



